قرق

Old Anatolian Turkish

Old Anatolian Turkish cardinal numbers

<  30	40	50  >
Cardinal : قرق

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïrk.

Alternative forms

• قرخ (qırḫ)

Numeral

قِرْقْ (qırq)

1. forty

Derived terms

• قرق ایاقلو (qırq ayaqlu, “tick”)
• قرق بایر (qırq bayır, “a part of animal stomach”)
• قرق بوداق (qırq budaq, “a big candlestick”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: qırx
• Gagauz: kırk
• Ottoman Turkish: قرق (kırk), قیرق (kırk)
  • Turkish: kırk

Further reading

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kırk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “kırk”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 438

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *karak (“eye, pupil”).

Alternative forms

• قاراق (qaraq), قراق (qaraq)

Noun

قرق (qaraq) (definite accusative قرغی (qaraġı), plural قرقلر (qaraqlar))

1. pupil
2. gaze

   Synonym: باخش (baḫış)

Related terms

• قره (qara, “black”)

Further reading

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “karak”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 408
• “karak”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *karak (“pillager”)

Noun

قرق (qaraq) (definite accusative قرغی (qaraġı), plural قرقلر (qaraqlar))

1. thief

Related terms

• قرقچی (qaraqçı, “pillager”)

Descendants

• Turkish: (dialectal) karak

Ottoman Turkish

Ottoman Turkish cardinal numbers

<  30	40	50  >
Cardinal : قرق

Alternative forms

• قیرق (kırk)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish قرق (qırq), from Proto-Turkic *kïrk (“forty”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰃𐰺𐰴 (qir¹q), Azerbaijani qırx, Bashkir ҡырҡ (qırq), Chuvash хӗрӗх (hĕrĕh), Kazakh қырық (qyryq), Kyrgyz кырк (kırk), Turkmen kyrk, Uyghur قىرىق (qiriq) and Uzbek qirq.

Numeral

قرق • (kırk)

1. forty, fourty, the cardinal number occurring after thirty-nine and before forty-one

   Synonyms: اربعون (erbeʼun), چهل (çihil) — literary

2. (figuratively) many, numerous, an indeterminate term for a considerable quantity

Derived terms

• قرق آیاق (kırk ayak, “centipede; millipede”)
• قرق انبار (kırk ambar, “dealer in marine stores”)
• قرق بایر (kırk bayır, “manyplies, omasum”)
• قرق بیك (kırk biñ, “forty thousand; many”)
• قرق كلید (kırk kilid, “horsetail”)
• قرق كچید (kırk geçid, “a very winding river”)
• قرق نردبان (kırk nerdiban, “very steep ascend”)
• قرق چشمه (kırk çeşme, “system of public fountains in Istanbul”)
• قرقر (kırkar, “forty each”)
• قرقلاتمق (kırklatmak, “to cause or allow to become forty”)
• قرقلامق (kırklamak, “to make (a thing) forty”)
• قرقلر (kırklar, “the Forty Saints”)
• قرقلق (kırklık, “coin of forty piastres”)
• قرقنجی (kırkıncı, “fortieth”)

Descendants

• Turkish: kırk

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “قرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 508
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kırk2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2623
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قرق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 361b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 954
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Quadraginta”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1415
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 3672
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kırk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1446