ضمیر

See also: ضمير

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ضَمِير (ḍamīr, “conscience; pronoun”).

Noun

ضمیر • (zamir) (plural ضمایر (zamair))

1. conscience, the ethical or moral sense of right and wrong

   Synonym: وجدان (vicdan)

2. (grammar) pronoun, a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase

Derived terms

• ضمیری (zamiri, “pronominal”)

Descendants

• Turkish: zamir

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zamir2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5431
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zamîr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1403
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ضمیر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 786a
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Conscientia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 250
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ضمیر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3052
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zamir”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ضمیر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1214

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ضَمِير (ḍamīr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [za.ˈmiːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zä.míːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zä.míːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zä.míːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zä.míɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zæ.míːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zä.míɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	zamīr
Dari reading?	zamīr
Iranian reading?	zamir
Tajik reading?	zamir

Noun

Dari	ضمیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	замир

ضمیر • (zamir) (plural ضمایر (zamâyer) or ضمیرها (zamir-hâ))

1. (grammar) pronoun
2. mind
3. heart
4. secret

Descendants

• → Bengali: জমীর (jomir)
• → Gujarati: ઝમીર (jhamīr), જમીર (jamīr)
• → Punjabi: ਜ਼ਮੀਰ (zamīr)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ضَمِیر (zamīr), from Arabic ضَمِير (ḍamīr). First attested in c. 1657 as Middle Hindi ضمیر (zamīr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /zə.miːɾ/
• Rhymes: -iːɾ
• Hyphenation: ضَ‧مِیر

Noun

ضَمِیر • (zamīr) m (Hindi spelling ज़मीर)

1. conscience; mind, heart
2. a kept secret
3. (grammar) pronoun

Declension

Declension of ضمیر

	singular	plural
direct	ضَمِیر (zamīr)	ضَمِیر (zamīr)
oblique	ضَمِیر (zamīr)	ضَمِیروں (zamīrõ)
vocative	ضَمِیر (zamīr)	ضَمِیرو (zamīro)

See also

Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ض م ر (0 c, 1 e)

Further reading

• “ضمیر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ضمیر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “ضمير”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 750
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “ضمیر”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “ضمیر”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC