شلغم

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃal.ɣam/

Noun

شَلْغَم • (šalḡam) m

1. alternative form of شَلْجَم (šaljam)

Declension

Declension of noun شَلْغَم (šalḡam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَلْغَم šalḡam	الشَّلْغَم aš-šalḡam	شَلْغَم šalḡam
Nominative	شَلْغَمٌ šalḡamun	الشَّلْغَمُ aš-šalḡamu	شَلْغَمُ šalḡamu
Accusative	شَلْغَمًا šalḡaman	الشَّلْغَمَ aš-šalḡama	شَلْغَمَ šalḡama
Genitive	شَلْغَمٍ šalḡamin	الشَّلْغَمِ aš-šalḡami	شَلْغَمِ šalḡami

Ottoman Turkish

شلغم

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian شلغم (šalğam, “turnip”).

Noun

شلغم • (şalğam)

1. turnip, any plant with a white, edible root of the species Brassica rapa

Descendants

• Turkish: şalgam
• → Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
• → Georgian: შალღამი (šalɣami) — Javakheti, Meskheti, Chveneburi
• → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
• → Laz: შალღამი (şalğami)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şalgam”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4423
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “شلغم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 289b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شلغم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 732
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Rapa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1434
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شلغم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2852
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şalgam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شلغم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1134

Persian

شلغم

Alternative forms

• شملغ (šamlağ), شملخ (šamlax), شلم (šalam), ثلجم (saljam)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /⁠šalgam⁠/), possibly from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”). Cognate with Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam), Classical Syriac ܫܠܓܡܐ (šalgəmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שלגמא (šalgəmā), Georgian თალგამი (talgami), ܣܠܩܐ (silqā, selqā), Aramaic סילקא, Neo-Babylonian 𒌑𒋛𒅋𒋡 (/⁠silqu⁠/), Arabic سِلْق (silq), Arabic شَلْجَم (šaljam), Russian свёкла (svjókla), and Ancient Greek σεῦκλον (seûklon).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃal.ɣam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäl.ɣäm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäl.ɣäm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃäl.ɣäm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃäl.ɣäm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæl.ɢæm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäl.ʁäm]

Readings
Classical reading?	šalğam
Dari reading?	šalğam
Iranian reading?	šalğam
Tajik reading?	šalġam

Noun

Dari	شلغم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шалғам

شلغم • (šalğam) (plural شلغم‌ها (šalğam-hâ))

1. turnip

Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of شلغم (šalğam) (Iranian Persian)

Basic forms of شلغم (šalğam) singular plural bare شلغم (šalğam) شلغم‌ها (šalğam-hấ) شلغما △ (šalğamấ) definitive direct object شلغم را (šalğam râ) شلغم رو △ (šalğamo) شلغم‌ها را (šalğam-hấ râ) شلغما رو △ (šalğamấ ro) ezâfe شلغم (šalğam-e) شلغم‌های (šalğam-hấ-ye) شلغمای △ (šalğamấ-ye) marked indefinite or relative definite شلغمی (šalğam-i) شلغم‌هایی (šalğamấn-i, šalğam-hấ-i) شلغمایی △ (šalğamấi) △ Colloquial.     Possessive forms of شلغم (šalğam) singular plural 1st person singular (“my”) شلغمم (šalğamam) شلغم‌هایم (šalğam-hấyam) شلغم‌هام، شلغمام △ (šalğamấm) 2nd person singular (“your”) شلغمت (šalğamat) [Term?] △ (šalğamet) شلغم‌هایت (šalğam-hấyat) شلغم‌هات، شلغمات △ (šalğamất) 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) شلغمش (šalğamaš) [Term?] △ (šalğameš) شلغم‌هایش (šalğam-hấyaš) شلغم‌هاش، شلغماش △ (šalğamấš) 1st plural (“our”) شلغممان (šalğamemân) شلغممون △ (šalğamemun) شلغم‌هایمان (šalğam-hấyemân) شلغم‌هامون، شلغمامون △ (šalğamấmun) 2nd plural (“your”) شلغمتان (šalğametân) شلغمتون △ (šalğametun) شلغم‌هایتان (šalğam-hấyetân) شلغم‌هاتون، شلغماتون △ (šalğamấtun) 3rd plural (“their”) شلغمشان (šalğamešân) شلغمشون △ (šalğamešun) شلغم‌هایشان (šalğam-hấyešân) شلغم‌هاشون، شلغماشون △ (šalğamấšun) △ Colloquial.

Descendants

• → Arabic: شَلْجَم (šaljam), سَلْجَم (saljam), شَلْغَم (šalḡam), ثَلْجَم (ṯaljam)
  • → Galician: acelga
  • → Gujarati: શલજમ (śaljam)
  • → Middle Armenian: շալճամ (šalčam), սալճամ (salčam)
  • → Portuguese: acelga
  • → Spanish: acelga
  • → Ottoman Turkish: شلجم (şelcem)
• → Azerbaijani: şalğam
• → Assamese: চালগোম (salogüm)
• → Bashkir: шалҡан (şalqan)
• → Bengali: শালগম (śalogom)
• → Gujarati: સલગમ (salgam), શલગમ (śalgam)
• → Hindustani:

  → Hindi: शलगम (śalgam)

  → Urdu: شلغم (šalğam)

• → Kazakh: шалғам (şalğam), шалқан (şalqan)
• → Middle Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
  • Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
• → Northern Kurdish: şêlim
• → Ottoman Turkish: شلغم (şelgam, şalgam)
  • Turkish: şalgam, şalğam
  • → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
• → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਲਗਮ (śalgam)
• → Turkmen: şalgam

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 489b
• Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 311
• Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 264
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[6] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 346–352
• Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 75–77