سهم

See also: سہم

Arabic

Root
س ه م (s h m)
3 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sahm/

Noun

سَهْم • (sahm) m (plural سِهَام (sihām) or أَسْهُم (ʔashum) or سُهُوم (suhūm))

1. arrow, dart
2. cosine
3. principal beam of support in house or tent
4. mast

Declension

Declension of noun سَهْم (sahm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْم sahm	السَّهْم as-sahm	سَهْم sahm
Nominative	سَهْمٌ sahmun	السَّهْمُ as-sahmu	سَهْمُ sahmu
Accusative	سَهْمًا sahman	السَّهْمَ as-sahma	سَهْمَ sahma
Genitive	سَهْمٍ sahmin	السَّهْمِ as-sahmi	سَهْمِ sahmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْمَيْن sahmayn	السَّهْمَيْن as-sahmayn	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Nominative	سَهْمَانِ sahmāni	السَّهْمَانِ as-sahmāni	سَهْمَا sahmā
Accusative	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Genitive	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِهَام‎; أَسْهُم‎; سُهُوم sihām‎; ʔashum‎; suhūm	السِّهَام‎; الْأَسْهُم‎; السُّهُوم as-sihām‎; al-ʔashum‎; as-suhūm	سِهَام‎; أَسْهُم‎; سُهُوم sihām‎; ʔashum‎; suhūm
Nominative	سِهَامٌ‎; أَسْهُمٌ‎; سُهُومٌ sihāmun‎; ʔashumun‎; suhūmun	السِّهَامُ‎; الْأَسْهُمُ‎; السُّهُومُ as-sihāmu‎; al-ʔashumu‎; as-suhūmu	سِهَامُ‎; أَسْهُمُ‎; سُهُومُ sihāmu‎; ʔashumu‎; suhūmu
Accusative	سِهَامًا‎; أَسْهُمًا‎; سُهُومًا sihāman‎; ʔashuman‎; suhūman	السِّهَامَ‎; الْأَسْهُمَ‎; السُّهُومَ as-sihāma‎; al-ʔashuma‎; as-suhūma	سِهَامَ‎; أَسْهُمَ‎; سُهُومَ sihāma‎; ʔashuma‎; suhūma
Genitive	سِهَامٍ‎; أَسْهُمٍ‎; سُهُومٍ sihāmin‎; ʔashumin‎; suhūmin	السِّهَامِ‎; الْأَسْهُمِ‎; السُّهُومِ as-sihāmi‎; al-ʔashumi‎; as-suhūmi	سِهَامِ‎; أَسْهُمِ‎; سُهُومِ sihāmi‎; ʔashumi‎; suhūmi

Noun

سَهْم • (sahm) m (plural أَسْهُم (ʔashum) or سُهْمَان (suhmān) or سُهْمَة (suhma))

1. lot, share, portion
2. lottery ticket
3. share (of stock)
4. (Egypt) sahme (7.923 square meters)

Declension

Declension of noun سَهْم (sahm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْم sahm	السَّهْم as-sahm	سَهْم sahm
Nominative	سَهْمٌ sahmun	السَّهْمُ as-sahmu	سَهْمُ sahmu
Accusative	سَهْمًا sahman	السَّهْمَ as-sahma	سَهْمَ sahma
Genitive	سَهْمٍ sahmin	السَّهْمِ as-sahmi	سَهْمِ sahmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْمَيْن sahmayn	السَّهْمَيْن as-sahmayn	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Nominative	سَهْمَانِ sahmāni	السَّهْمَانِ as-sahmāni	سَهْمَا sahmā
Accusative	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Genitive	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْهُم‎; سُهْمَان‎; سُهْمَة ʔashum‎; suhmān‎; suhma	الْأَسْهُم‎; السُّهْمَان‎; السُّهْمَة al-ʔashum‎; as-suhmān‎; as-suhma	أَسْهُم‎; سُهْمَان‎; سُهْمَة ʔashum‎; suhmān‎; suhmat
Nominative	أَسْهُمٌ‎; سُهْمَانٌ‎; سُهْمَةٌ ʔashumun‎; suhmānun‎; suhmatun	الْأَسْهُمُ‎; السُّهْمَانُ‎; السُّهْمَةُ al-ʔashumu‎; as-suhmānu‎; as-suhmatu	أَسْهُمُ‎; سُهْمَانُ‎; سُهْمَةُ ʔashumu‎; suhmānu‎; suhmatu
Accusative	أَسْهُمًا‎; سُهْمَانًا‎; سُهْمَةً ʔashuman‎; suhmānan‎; suhmatan	الْأَسْهُمَ‎; السُّهْمَانَ‎; السُّهْمَةَ al-ʔashuma‎; as-suhmāna‎; as-suhmata	أَسْهُمَ‎; سُهْمَانَ‎; سُهْمَةَ ʔashuma‎; suhmāna‎; suhmata
Genitive	أَسْهُمٍ‎; سُهْمَانٍ‎; سُهْمَةٍ ʔashumin‎; suhmānin‎; suhmatin	الْأَسْهُمِ‎; السُّهْمَانِ‎; السُّهْمَةِ al-ʔashumi‎; as-suhmāni‎; as-suhmati	أَسْهُمِ‎; سُهْمَانِ‎; سُهْمَةِ ʔashumi‎; suhmāni‎; suhmati

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: səhm
• → Malay: saham
  • Indonesian: saham
• Maltese: sehem
• → Pashto: سهم (sahm)
• → Persian: سهم (sahm)
• → Turkish: sehim

Verb

سَهَمَ • (sahama) I (non-past يَسْهُمُ (yashumu), verbal noun سُهُوم (suhūm))

1. to have a stern face

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سَهَمَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive, verbal noun سُهُوم)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سُهُوم suhūm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَاهِم sāhim
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَهَمْتُ sahamtu	سَهَمْتَ sahamta	سَهَمَ sahama		سَهَمْتُمَا sahamtumā	سَهَمَا sahamā		سَهَمْنَا sahamnā	سَهَمْتُمْ sahamtum	سَهَمُوا sahamū
	f		سَهَمْتِ sahamti	سَهَمَتْ sahamat			سَهَمَتَا sahamatā			سَهَمْتُنَّ sahamtunna	سَهَمْنَ sahamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْهُمُ ʔashumu	تَسْهُمُ tashumu	يَسْهُمُ yashumu		تَسْهُمَانِ tashumāni	يَسْهُمَانِ yashumāni		نَسْهُمُ nashumu	تَسْهُمُونَ tashumūna	يَسْهُمُونَ yashumūna
	f		تَسْهُمِينَ tashumīna	تَسْهُمُ tashumu			تَسْهُمَانِ tashumāni			تَسْهُمْنَ tashumna	يَسْهُمْنَ yashumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْهُمَ ʔashuma	تَسْهُمَ tashuma	يَسْهُمَ yashuma		تَسْهُمَا tashumā	يَسْهُمَا yashumā		نَسْهُمَ nashuma	تَسْهُمُوا tashumū	يَسْهُمُوا yashumū
	f		تَسْهُمِي tashumī	تَسْهُمَ tashuma			تَسْهُمَا tashumā			تَسْهُمْنَ tashumna	يَسْهُمْنَ yashumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْهُمْ ʔashum	تَسْهُمْ tashum	يَسْهُمْ yashum		تَسْهُمَا tashumā	يَسْهُمَا yashumā		نَسْهُمْ nashum	تَسْهُمُوا tashumū	يَسْهُمُوا yashumū
	f		تَسْهُمِي tashumī	تَسْهُمْ tashum			تَسْهُمَا tashumā			تَسْهُمْنَ tashumna	يَسْهُمْنَ yashumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُسْهُمْ ushum			اُسْهُمَا ushumā				اُسْهُمُوا ushumū
	f		اُسْهُمِي ushumī							اُسْهُمْنَ ushumna

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سهم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 370
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سهم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen, page 515
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “سهم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1454
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “سهم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 510–511
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “سهم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 446b

Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic سَهْم (sahm).

Noun

سهم • (sahm) m

1. share

Persian

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sahm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɦm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɦm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sɑːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sɔːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæɦm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säɦm]

Readings
Classical reading?	sahm
Dari reading?	sahm
Iranian reading?	sahm
Tajik reading?	sahm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سَهْم (sahm).

Noun

Dari	سهم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	саҳм

سهم • (sahm) (plural اسهم (ashom) or سهام (sehâm) or سهم‌ها (sahm-hâ))

1. share, portion, quota, contribution
2. (stock market) share

Derived terms

• سهم کردن (sahm kardan)
• سهیم (sahim)

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (sahm), from Old Persian [script needed] (*çahman), from Proto-Iranian *θráhma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *trásma, from Proto-Indo-European *trés-mn̥, from *tres- (“to tremble”). Doublet of رم (ram, “shying”).

Noun

Dari	سهم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	саҳм

سهم • (sahm) (plural سهم‌ها (sahm-hâ))

1. (archaic) fear

   Synonym: ترس (tars)

Derived terms

• سهم داشتن (sahm dâštan)
• سهمگین (sahmgin)

 

Descendants

• → Armenian: սահմ (sahm)
• → Gurani: سام (sām)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सहम (saham)

  Urdu: سہم (sahm)

• → Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: سام (sam)

  Northern Kurdish: sav

  Southern Kurdish: سیەو (syew), سیەم (syem)

• → Pashto: سهم (sahm)