رشک

Persian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlyšk' /⁠arešk⁠/), 𐫡𐫏𐫢𐫐 (ryšk /⁠rešk⁠/, “envy”), a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-Iranian *Harš- (“envy”), perhaps borrowed from Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀- (araska-, “envy”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers-. Cognate with Sanskrit ईर्ष्यति (īrṣyati, “to envy”), Old English irsian (“to be angry”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾaʃk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räʃk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räʃk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [räʃk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [räʃk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæʃkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾäʃk]

Readings
Classical reading?	rašk
Dari reading?	rašk
Iranian reading?	rašk
Tajik reading?	rašk

Noun

رشک • (rašk)

1. envy (emotion)

   Synonyms: حسادت (hasâdat), حسد (hasad)

2. envy (object of emotion)
   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 309”, in دیوان حافظ‎^[1]:

     شاهدی از لطف و پاکی رشک آب زندگی
     دلبری در حسن و خوبی غیرت ماه تمام

     šāhidē az lutf u pākī rašk-i āb-i zindagī
     dilbarē dar husn u xūbī ğayrat-i māh-i tamām

     A pretty one whose grace and purity is the envy of the Water of Life,
     A heart-snatcher whose beauty and fairness raise the ire of the full moon.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Etymology 2

Related to Sanskrit रिक्षा (rikṣā, “nit”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Compare also Latin ricinus in the sense “tick”, but further connections are problematic. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾiʃk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rɪʃk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rɪʃk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rɪʃk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [riʃk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹeʃkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾiʃk]

Readings
Classical reading?	rišk
Dari reading?	rišk
Iranian reading?	rešk
Tajik reading?	rišk

Noun

رشک • (rešk)

2. nit

Further reading

• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “رشک”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 40b–41a
• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 357

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رشک (rašk).

Noun

رشک • (rašk) m (Hindi spelling रश्क)

1. jealousy, envy, malice