حسد

See also: جسد, حشد, and ح ش د

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ح س د (ḥ s d)
3 terms

Compare Hebrew חֶסֶד (khésed, “shame”).

Verb

حَسَدَ • (ḥasada) I (non-past يَحْسِدُ (yaḥsidu) or يَحْسُدُ (yaḥsudu), verbal noun حَسَد (ḥasad) or حُسُود (ḥusūd) or حَسَادَة (ḥasāda) or حَسِيدَة (ḥasīda))

1. to envy, to be jealous of
   • Qur'an 4:54

     أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَىٰ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ

     ʔam yaḥsudūna an-nāsa ʕalā mā ʔātāhumu l-lahu min faḍlihi

     Or do they envy people for what Allah has graciously furnished them with?

   • Quran 113:05

     وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ

     wamin šarri ḥāsidin ʔiḏā ḥasada

     And from the evil of the envious when they envy

2. (proscribed) to curse with the evil eye through envy

   Synonyms: عَانَ (ʕāna), نَجَأَ (najaʔa)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of حَسَدَ (I, sound, a ~ i/u, full passive, verbal nouns حَسَد, حُسُود, حَسَادَة, حَسِيدَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						حَسَد, حُسُود, حَسَادَة, حَسِيدَة ḥasad, ḥusūd, ḥasāda, ḥasīda
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						حَاسِد ḥāsid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَحْسُود maḥsūd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَسَدْتُ ḥasadtu	حَسَدْتَ ḥasadta	حَسَدَ ḥasada		حَسَدْتُمَا ḥasadtumā	حَسَدَا ḥasadā		حَسَدْنَا ḥasadnā	حَسَدْتُمْ ḥasadtum	حَسَدُوا ḥasadū
	f		حَسَدْتِ ḥasadti	حَسَدَتْ ḥasadat			حَسَدَتَا ḥasadatā			حَسَدْتُنَّ ḥasadtunna	حَسَدْنَ ḥasadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحْسِدُ, أَحْسُدُ ʔaḥsidu, ʔaḥsudu	تَحْسِدُ, تَحْسُدُ taḥsidu, taḥsudu	يَحْسِدُ, يَحْسُدُ yaḥsidu, yaḥsudu		تَحْسِدَانِ, تَحْسُدَانِ taḥsidāni, taḥsudāni	يَحْسِدَانِ, يَحْسُدَانِ yaḥsidāni, yaḥsudāni		نَحْسِدُ, نَحْسُدُ naḥsidu, naḥsudu	تَحْسِدُونَ, تَحْسُدُونَ taḥsidūna, taḥsudūna	يَحْسِدُونَ, يَحْسُدُونَ yaḥsidūna, yaḥsudūna
	f		تَحْسِدِينَ, تَحْسُدِينَ taḥsidīna, taḥsudīna	تَحْسِدُ, تَحْسُدُ taḥsidu, taḥsudu			تَحْسِدَانِ, تَحْسُدَانِ taḥsidāni, taḥsudāni			تَحْسِدْنَ, تَحْسُدْنَ taḥsidna, taḥsudna	يَحْسِدْنَ, يَحْسُدْنَ yaḥsidna, yaḥsudna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحْسِدَ, أَحْسُدَ ʔaḥsida, ʔaḥsuda	تَحْسِدَ, تَحْسُدَ taḥsida, taḥsuda	يَحْسِدَ, يَحْسُدَ yaḥsida, yaḥsuda		تَحْسِدَا, تَحْسُدَا taḥsidā, taḥsudā	يَحْسِدَا, يَحْسُدَا yaḥsidā, yaḥsudā		نَحْسِدَ, نَحْسُدَ naḥsida, naḥsuda	تَحْسِدُوا, تَحْسُدُوا taḥsidū, taḥsudū	يَحْسِدُوا, يَحْسُدُوا yaḥsidū, yaḥsudū
	f		تَحْسِدِي, تَحْسُدِي taḥsidī, taḥsudī	تَحْسِدَ, تَحْسُدَ taḥsida, taḥsuda			تَحْسِدَا, تَحْسُدَا taḥsidā, taḥsudā			تَحْسِدْنَ, تَحْسُدْنَ taḥsidna, taḥsudna	يَحْسِدْنَ, يَحْسُدْنَ yaḥsidna, yaḥsudna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحْسِدْ, أَحْسُدْ ʔaḥsid, ʔaḥsud	تَحْسِدْ, تَحْسُدْ taḥsid, taḥsud	يَحْسِدْ, يَحْسُدْ yaḥsid, yaḥsud		تَحْسِدَا, تَحْسُدَا taḥsidā, taḥsudā	يَحْسِدَا, يَحْسُدَا yaḥsidā, yaḥsudā		نَحْسِدْ, نَحْسُدْ naḥsid, naḥsud	تَحْسِدُوا, تَحْسُدُوا taḥsidū, taḥsudū	يَحْسِدُوا, يَحْسُدُوا yaḥsidū, yaḥsudū
	f		تَحْسِدِي, تَحْسُدِي taḥsidī, taḥsudī	تَحْسِدْ, تَحْسُدْ taḥsid, taḥsud			تَحْسِدَا, تَحْسُدَا taḥsidā, taḥsudā			تَحْسِدْنَ, تَحْسُدْنَ taḥsidna, taḥsudna	يَحْسِدْنَ, يَحْسُدْنَ yaḥsidna, yaḥsudna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِحْسِدْ, اُحْسُدْ iḥsid, uḥsud			اِحْسِدَا, اُحْسُدَا iḥsidā, uḥsudā				اِحْسِدُوا, اُحْسُدُوا iḥsidū, uḥsudū
	f		اِحْسِدِي, اُحْسُدِي iḥsidī, uḥsudī							اِحْسِدْنَ, اُحْسُدْنَ iḥsidna, uḥsudna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُسِدْتُ ḥusidtu	حُسِدْتَ ḥusidta	حُسِدَ ḥusida		حُسِدْتُمَا ḥusidtumā	حُسِدَا ḥusidā		حُسِدْنَا ḥusidnā	حُسِدْتُمْ ḥusidtum	حُسِدُوا ḥusidū
	f		حُسِدْتِ ḥusidti	حُسِدَتْ ḥusidat			حُسِدَتَا ḥusidatā			حُسِدْتُنَّ ḥusidtunna	حُسِدْنَ ḥusidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحْسَدُ ʔuḥsadu	تُحْسَدُ tuḥsadu	يُحْسَدُ yuḥsadu		تُحْسَدَانِ tuḥsadāni	يُحْسَدَانِ yuḥsadāni		نُحْسَدُ nuḥsadu	تُحْسَدُونَ tuḥsadūna	يُحْسَدُونَ yuḥsadūna
	f		تُحْسَدِينَ tuḥsadīna	تُحْسَدُ tuḥsadu			تُحْسَدَانِ tuḥsadāni			تُحْسَدْنَ tuḥsadna	يُحْسَدْنَ yuḥsadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحْسَدَ ʔuḥsada	تُحْسَدَ tuḥsada	يُحْسَدَ yuḥsada		تُحْسَدَا tuḥsadā	يُحْسَدَا yuḥsadā		نُحْسَدَ nuḥsada	تُحْسَدُوا tuḥsadū	يُحْسَدُوا yuḥsadū
	f		تُحْسَدِي tuḥsadī	تُحْسَدَ tuḥsada			تُحْسَدَا tuḥsadā			تُحْسَدْنَ tuḥsadna	يُحْسَدْنَ yuḥsadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحْسَدْ ʔuḥsad	تُحْسَدْ tuḥsad	يُحْسَدْ yuḥsad		تُحْسَدَا tuḥsadā	يُحْسَدَا yuḥsadā		نُحْسَدْ nuḥsad	تُحْسَدُوا tuḥsadū	يُحْسَدُوا yuḥsadū
	f		تُحْسَدِي tuḥsadī	تُحْسَدْ tuḥsad			تُحْسَدَا tuḥsadā			تُحْسَدْنَ tuḥsadna	يُحْسَدْنَ yuḥsadna

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حسد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 2

Noun

حَسَد • (ḥasad) m

1. verbal noun of حَسَدَ (ḥasada) (form I)
2. envy
3. (proscribed) the evil eye

   Synonym: عَيْن (ʕayn)

Usage notes

It is common to use the word similarly to the English envy, that is, without supernatural connotations. In religious and folklore-related contexts, however, the word is almost exclusively used to denote hateful and malicious thoughts and feelings that purportedly curse the envied with العَيْن (al-ʕayn, “the [evil] eye”) and cause them myriad afflictions. As such, it is often idiomatically combined with حِقْد (ḥiqd, “ill will, malice”) for their consonance and like semantic fields since حِقْد (ḥiqd) particularly highlights the hidden and dissimulated nature of the hatred and loathing of the referent. Other commonly collocated words include غِلّ (ḡill, “concealed animosity and hate often with hidden injurious intent, spite, malice”), غَيْظ (ḡayẓ, “hateful or envious fury, bitterness, rage, resentment”), بَغْضَاء (baḡḍāʔ, “burning hatred, loathing, aversion, rancor, detestation, malevolence, hostility, antagonism”), and ضَغِينَة (ḍaḡīna, “dissembled extreme hate and malice, venom”).

Declension

Declension of noun حَسْد (ḥasd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَسْد ḥasd	الْحَسْد al-ḥasd	حَسْد ḥasd
Nominative	حَسْدٌ ḥasdun	الْحَسْدُ al-ḥasdu	حَسْدُ ḥasdu
Accusative	حَسْدًا ḥasdan	الْحَسْدَ al-ḥasda	حَسْدَ ḥasda
Genitive	حَسْدٍ ḥasdin	الْحَسْدِ al-ḥasdi	حَسْدِ ḥasdi

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: حسد
  • → Turkish: haset
• → Urdu: حسد

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَسَد (ḥasad)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ha.sað]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hä.säd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hä.säd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.säd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.säd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæ.sæd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hä.säd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	hasaḏ
Dari reading?	hasad
Iranian reading?	hasad
Tajik reading?	hasad

Noun

Dari	حسد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҳасад

حسد • (hasad)

1. envy, jealousy
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 809:

     بو الحکم نامش بد و بو جهل شد
     ای بسا اهل از حسد نااهل شد

     Bū-l-Hakam nām-aš bud u Bu-Jahl šud
     ay basā ahl az hasad nā-ahl šud

     His name was Abu ’l-Hakam, and he became Abú Jahl:
     oh, many a worthy has become unworthy because of envy.

2. grudge

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “حسد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح س د
2 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħa.sad/, [ˈħa.sad]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Arabic حَسَدَ (ḥasada).

Verb

حسد • (ḥasad) I (present بحسد (biḥsid), active participle حاسد (ḥāsed))

1. to envy, to be envious

   Synonym: غار (ḡār)

Conjugation

Conjugation of حسد (ḥasad)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حسدت (ḥasadt)	حسدت (ḥasadt)	حسد (ḥasad)		حسدنا (ḥasadna)	حسدتو (ḥasadtu)	حسدو (ḥasadu)
	f		حسدتي (ḥasadti)	حسدت (ḥasdat)
present	m	بحسد (baḥsid)	بتحسد (btiḥsid)	بحسد (biḥsid)		منحسد (mniḥsid)	بتحسدو (btiḥsidu)	بحسدو (biḥsidu)
	f		بتحسدي (btiḥsidi)	بتحسد (btiḥsid)
subjunctive	m	أحسد (ʔaḥsid)	تحسد (tiḥsid)	يحسد (yiḥsid)		نحسد (niḥsid)	تحسدو (tiḥsidu)	يحسدو (yiḥsidu)
	f		تحسدي (tiḥsidi)	تحسد (tiḥsid)
imperative	m		احسد (iḥsid)				احسدو (iḥsidu)
	f		احسدي (iḥsidi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic حَسَد (ḥasad).

Noun

حسد • (ḥasad) m

1. envy

   Synonym: غيرة (ḡēre)

Urdu

Etymology

From Arabic حَسَد (ḥasad).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦə.səd̪/

Noun

حَسَد • (hasad) m (Hindi spelling हसद)

1. jealousy, envy, malevolence, jealous
2. emulation, ambition

References

• “حسد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “حسد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.