خشن
Appearance
Arabic
[edit]Root |
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خ ش ن (ḵ š n) |
5 terms |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]خَشُنَ • (ḵašuna) I (non-past يَخْشُنُ (yaḵšunu), verbal noun خُشُونَة (ḵušūna))
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of خَشُنَ (I, sound, u ~ u, no passive (?), verbal noun خُشُونَة)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
خُشُونَة ḵušūna | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
خَشِين, خَشِن, أَخْشَن ḵašīn, ḵašin, ʔaḵšan | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خَشُنْتُ ḵašuntu |
خَشُنْتَ ḵašunta |
خَشُنَ ḵašuna |
خَشُنْتُمَا ḵašuntumā |
خَشُنَا ḵašunā |
خَشُنَّا ḵašunnā |
خَشُنْتُمْ ḵašuntum |
خَشُنُوا ḵašunū | |||
f | خَشُنْتِ ḵašunti |
خَشُنَتْ ḵašunat |
خَشُنَتَا ḵašunatā |
خَشُنْتُنَّ ḵašuntunna |
خَشُنَّ ḵašunna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَخْشُنُ ʔaḵšunu |
تَخْشُنُ taḵšunu |
يَخْشُنُ yaḵšunu |
تَخْشُنَانِ taḵšunāni |
يَخْشُنَانِ yaḵšunāni |
نَخْشُنُ naḵšunu |
تَخْشُنُونَ taḵšunūna |
يَخْشُنُونَ yaḵšunūna | |||
f | تَخْشُنِينَ taḵšunīna |
تَخْشُنُ taḵšunu |
تَخْشُنَانِ taḵšunāni |
تَخْشُنَّ taḵšunna |
يَخْشُنَّ yaḵšunna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَخْشُنَ ʔaḵšuna |
تَخْشُنَ taḵšuna |
يَخْشُنَ yaḵšuna |
تَخْشُنَا taḵšunā |
يَخْشُنَا yaḵšunā |
نَخْشُنَ naḵšuna |
تَخْشُنُوا taḵšunū |
يَخْشُنُوا yaḵšunū | |||
f | تَخْشُنِي taḵšunī |
تَخْشُنَ taḵšuna |
تَخْشُنَا taḵšunā |
تَخْشُنَّ taḵšunna |
يَخْشُنَّ yaḵšunna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَخْشُنْ ʔaḵšun |
تَخْشُنْ taḵšun |
يَخْشُنْ yaḵšun |
تَخْشُنَا taḵšunā |
يَخْشُنَا yaḵšunā |
نَخْشُنْ naḵšun |
تَخْشُنُوا taḵšunū |
يَخْشُنُوا yaḵšunū | |||
f | تَخْشُنِي taḵšunī |
تَخْشُنْ taḵšun |
تَخْشُنَا taḵšunā |
تَخْشُنَّ taḵšunna |
يَخْشُنَّ yaḵšunna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُخْشُنْ uḵšun |
اُخْشُنَا uḵšunā |
اُخْشُنُوا uḵšunū |
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f | اُخْشُنِي uḵšunī |
اُخْشُنَّ uḵšunna |
Verb
[edit]خَشَّنَ • (ḵaššana) II (non-past يُخَشِّنُ (yuḵaššinu), verbal noun تَخْشِين (taḵšīn))
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of خَشَّنَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَخْشِين)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَخْشِين taḵšīn | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُخَشِّن muḵaššin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُخَشَّن muḵaššan | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خَشَّنْتُ ḵaššantu |
خَشَّنْتَ ḵaššanta |
خَشَّنَ ḵaššana |
خَشَّنْتُمَا ḵaššantumā |
خَشَّنَا ḵaššanā |
خَشَّنَّا ḵaššannā |
خَشَّنْتُمْ ḵaššantum |
خَشَّنُوا ḵaššanū | |||
f | خَشَّنْتِ ḵaššanti |
خَشَّنَتْ ḵaššanat |
خَشَّنَتَا ḵaššanatā |
خَشَّنْتُنَّ ḵaššantunna |
خَشَّنَّ ḵaššanna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُخَشِّنُ ʔuḵaššinu |
تُخَشِّنُ tuḵaššinu |
يُخَشِّنُ yuḵaššinu |
تُخَشِّنَانِ tuḵaššināni |
يُخَشِّنَانِ yuḵaššināni |
نُخَشِّنُ nuḵaššinu |
تُخَشِّنُونَ tuḵaššinūna |
يُخَشِّنُونَ yuḵaššinūna | |||
f | تُخَشِّنِينَ tuḵaššinīna |
تُخَشِّنُ tuḵaššinu |
تُخَشِّنَانِ tuḵaššināni |
تُخَشِّنَّ tuḵaššinna |
يُخَشِّنَّ yuḵaššinna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخَشِّنَ ʔuḵaššina |
تُخَشِّنَ tuḵaššina |
يُخَشِّنَ yuḵaššina |
تُخَشِّنَا tuḵaššinā |
يُخَشِّنَا yuḵaššinā |
نُخَشِّنَ nuḵaššina |
تُخَشِّنُوا tuḵaššinū |
يُخَشِّنُوا yuḵaššinū | |||
f | تُخَشِّنِي tuḵaššinī |
تُخَشِّنَ tuḵaššina |
تُخَشِّنَا tuḵaššinā |
تُخَشِّنَّ tuḵaššinna |
يُخَشِّنَّ yuḵaššinna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخَشِّنْ ʔuḵaššin |
تُخَشِّنْ tuḵaššin |
يُخَشِّنْ yuḵaššin |
تُخَشِّنَا tuḵaššinā |
يُخَشِّنَا yuḵaššinā |
نُخَشِّنْ nuḵaššin |
تُخَشِّنُوا tuḵaššinū |
يُخَشِّنُوا yuḵaššinū | |||
f | تُخَشِّنِي tuḵaššinī |
تُخَشِّنْ tuḵaššin |
تُخَشِّنَا tuḵaššinā |
تُخَشِّنَّ tuḵaššinna |
يُخَشِّنَّ yuḵaššinna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | خَشِّنْ ḵaššin |
خَشِّنَا ḵaššinā |
خَشِّنُوا ḵaššinū |
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f | خَشِّنِي ḵaššinī |
خَشِّنَّ ḵaššinna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خُشِّنْتُ ḵuššintu |
خُشِّنْتَ ḵuššinta |
خُشِّنَ ḵuššina |
خُشِّنْتُمَا ḵuššintumā |
خُشِّنَا ḵuššinā |
خُشِّنَّا ḵuššinnā |
خُشِّنْتُمْ ḵuššintum |
خُشِّنُوا ḵuššinū | |||
f | خُشِّنْتِ ḵuššinti |
خُشِّنَتْ ḵuššinat |
خُشِّنَتَا ḵuššinatā |
خُشِّنْتُنَّ ḵuššintunna |
خُشِّنَّ ḵuššinna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُخَشَّنُ ʔuḵaššanu |
تُخَشَّنُ tuḵaššanu |
يُخَشَّنُ yuḵaššanu |
تُخَشَّنَانِ tuḵaššanāni |
يُخَشَّنَانِ yuḵaššanāni |
نُخَشَّنُ nuḵaššanu |
تُخَشَّنُونَ tuḵaššanūna |
يُخَشَّنُونَ yuḵaššanūna | |||
f | تُخَشَّنِينَ tuḵaššanīna |
تُخَشَّنُ tuḵaššanu |
تُخَشَّنَانِ tuḵaššanāni |
تُخَشَّنَّ tuḵaššanna |
يُخَشَّنَّ yuḵaššanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخَشَّنَ ʔuḵaššana |
تُخَشَّنَ tuḵaššana |
يُخَشَّنَ yuḵaššana |
تُخَشَّنَا tuḵaššanā |
يُخَشَّنَا yuḵaššanā |
نُخَشَّنَ nuḵaššana |
تُخَشَّنُوا tuḵaššanū |
يُخَشَّنُوا yuḵaššanū | |||
f | تُخَشَّنِي tuḵaššanī |
تُخَشَّنَ tuḵaššana |
تُخَشَّنَا tuḵaššanā |
تُخَشَّنَّ tuḵaššanna |
يُخَشَّنَّ yuḵaššanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخَشَّنْ ʔuḵaššan |
تُخَشَّنْ tuḵaššan |
يُخَشَّنْ yuḵaššan |
تُخَشَّنَا tuḵaššanā |
يُخَشَّنَا yuḵaššanā |
نُخَشَّنْ nuḵaššan |
تُخَشَّنُوا tuḵaššanū |
يُخَشَّنُوا yuḵaššanū | |||
f | تُخَشَّنِي tuḵaššanī |
تُخَشَّنْ tuḵaššan |
تُخَشَّنَا tuḵaššanā |
تُخَشَّنَّ tuḵaššanna |
يُخَشَّنَّ yuḵaššanna |
Adjective
[edit]خَشِن • (ḵašin) (feminine خَشِنَة (ḵašina), common plural خِشَان (ḵišān), elative أَخْشَن (ʔaḵšan))
- rough (not smooth), hard to the touch; coarse (not fine)
- Antonym: نَاعِم (nāʕim)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 386–387:
- وَٱلشَّكْوَسُ قَالَ أَبُو ٱلْخَيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ هُوَ ٱلْوَرْدُ ٱلْفَحْصِيُّ وَقِيلَ ٱلْبَرِيُّ وَهُوَ نَوْعَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يُسَمَّى بِٱلْعَجَمِيَّةِ ٱلرَّحْبَلُ وَرَقُهُ فِي قَدْرِ وَرَقِ ٱلزَّيْتُونِ وَأَطْوَلُ وَأَعْرَضُ أََغْبَرُ أَحْرَشُ وَأَغْصَانُهُ خَشِنَةٌ صُلْبَةٌ إِلَى ٱلْبَيَاضِ مَا هِيَ تَطْلَعُ فِي زَمَنِ ٱلرَّبِيعِ نُوْرُهُ كَٱلْوَرْدِ حَمْرَاءُ فَائِتَةٌ وَفِي وَسَطِهَا صُفْرَةٌ وَهَذَا هُوَ ٱلْمُسَمَّى ٱلْوَرْدُ ٱلْفَحْصِيُّ وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ ٱلْوَرْدَ إِنْ رَكِبَ فِيهِ فَيَنْجِبُ وَٱلنَّوْعُ ٱلثَّانِي مِنَ ٱلشَّكْوَسِ وَرَقُهُ أَصْغَرُ مِنْ وَرَقِ ٱلْأَوَّلِ وَأَشَدُّ خُضْرَةً وَهًوَ أَحْرَشُ بَيْنَ ٱلْاِسْتِدَارِ وَٱلطُّولِ وَأَغْصَانِهِ إِلَى ٱلْحَمْرَاءِ مَا هِيَ تَطْلَعُ وَرْدًا أَبْيَضَا نَاصِعَةً فِي وَسَطِهَا وَكِلَاهُمَا لَاحِقٌ بِٱلْأَشْجَارِ.
- waš-šakwasu qāla ʔabū l-ḵayri waḡayrihi huwa l-wardu l-faḥṣiyyu waqīla l-bariyyu wahuwa nawʕāni ʔaḥaduhumā yusammā bi-l-ʕajamiyyati r-raḥbalu waraquhu fī qadri waraqi z-zaytūni waʔaṭwalu waʔaʕraḍu ʔaaḡbaru ʔaḥrašu waʔaḡṣānuhu ḵašinatun ṣulbatun ʔilā l-bayāḍi mā hiya taṭlaʕu fī zamani r-rabīʕi nuwruhu kal-wardi ḥamrāʔu fāʔitatun wafī wasaṭihā ṣufratun wahaḏā huwa l-musammā l-wardu l-faḥṣiyyu wayuqālu ʔinna l-warda ʔin rakiba fīhi fayanjibu wan-nawʕu ṯ-ṯānī mina š-šakwasi waraquhu ʔaṣḡaru min waraqi l-ʔawwali waʔašaddu ḵuḍratan wahanwa ʔaḥrašu bayna l-istidāri waṭ-ṭūli waʔaḡṣānihi ʔilā l-ḥamrāʔi mā hiya taṭlaʕu wardan ʔabyaḍā nāṣiʕatan fī wasaṭihā wakilāhumā lāḥiqun bi-l-ʔašjāri.
- And the rockrose, say Abū al-Ḵayr and others, is the field rose, and also the land rose, it is said, and there are two kinds: One is called in Berber raḥbal and its leaves are of the dimensions of the leaves of the olive but longer and wider, more gray and rugged, and its branches are rough, stiff and lean into white, and in spring it blossoms in roses of a red hue you almost miss, and in their mid there is yellow and this is called field rose, and it is said that if a rose is grafted onto it it will prevail. The second kind of rockrose has smaller leaves than the first, of a more intense green, and it is more rugged around and along, and its branches lean into red and spawn white roses, vivid in the middle. And both liaise with trees.
- rude, uncouth, rough of manners
- tough (life)
- hoarse, gruff, raspy, gravelly
- Antonym: نَاعِم (nāʕim)
Declension
[edit]Declension of adjective خَشِن (ḵašin)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
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basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَشِن ḵašin |
الْخَشِن al-ḵašin |
خَشِنَة ḵašina |
الْخَشِنَة al-ḵašina |
Nominative | خَشِنٌ ḵašinun |
الْخَشِنُ al-ḵašinu |
خَشِنَةٌ ḵašinatun |
الْخَشِنَةُ al-ḵašinatu |
Accusative | خَشِنًا ḵašinan |
الْخَشِنَ al-ḵašina |
خَشِنَةً ḵašinatan |
الْخَشِنَةَ al-ḵašinata |
Genitive | خَشِنٍ ḵašinin |
الْخَشِنِ al-ḵašini |
خَشِنَةٍ ḵašinatin |
الْخَشِنَةِ al-ḵašinati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَشِنَيْن ḵašinayn |
الْخَشِنَيْن al-ḵašinayn |
خَشِنَتَيْن ḵašinatayn |
الْخَشِنَتَيْن al-ḵašinatayn |
Nominative | خَشِنَانِ ḵašināni |
الْخَشِنَانِ al-ḵašināni |
خَشِنَتَانِ ḵašinatāni |
الْخَشِنَتَانِ al-ḵašinatāni |
Accusative | خَشِنَيْنِ ḵašinayni |
الْخَشِنَيْنِ al-ḵašinayni |
خَشِنَتَيْنِ ḵašinatayni |
الْخَشِنَتَيْنِ al-ḵašinatayni |
Genitive | خَشِنَيْنِ ḵašinayni |
الْخَشِنَيْنِ al-ḵašinayni |
خَشِنَتَيْنِ ḵašinatayni |
الْخَشِنَتَيْنِ al-ḵašinatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خِشَان ḵišān |
الْخِشَان al-ḵišān |
خِشَان ḵišān |
الْخِشَان al-ḵišān |
Nominative | خِشَانٌ ḵišānun |
الْخِشَانُ al-ḵišānu |
خِشَانٌ ḵišānun |
الْخِشَانُ al-ḵišānu |
Accusative | خِشَانًا ḵišānan |
الْخِشَانَ al-ḵišāna |
خِشَانًا ḵišānan |
الْخِشَانَ al-ḵišāna |
Genitive | خِشَانٍ ḵišānin |
الْخِشَانِ al-ḵišāni |
خِشَانٍ ḵišānin |
الْخِشَانِ al-ḵišāni |
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خَشِن (ḵašin).
Adjective
[edit]خشن • (xašen)
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root خ ش ن
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel u and non-past vowel u
- Arabic verbs lacking passive forms
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic adjectives with broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote broken plural
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives