ایشان

Azerbaijani

Noun

ایشان

1. Arabic spelling of işan

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ایشَان (ēšān, “they”).

Noun

ایشان (transliteration needed)

1. ishan

Descendants

• Uyghur: ئىشان (ishan)
• Uzbek: eshon

Persian

Etymology

Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭤𐭱𐭠𐭭 (awēšān, “they”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔeː.ˈʃɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeː.ʃɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeː.ʃɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔeː.ʃɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔeː.ʃɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔiː.ʃɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔe.ʃɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	ēšān
Dari reading?	ēšān
Iranian reading?	išân
Tajik reading?	ešon

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Pronoun

Dari	ایشان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	эшон

ایشان • (išân)

1. they (with an animate, rational referent)
2. (literary, formal, polite) he, she

Usage notes

• (they): This pronoun is typically only used when referring to people, or to things that are literally or figuratively animate and rational. To refer to inanimate things or irrational beings, the pronoun آن‌ها (ânhâ) is used instead.
• (he, she): Grammatically, ایشان is a third person plural pronoun. Referring to an individual in the plural is a way of showing respect in Persian. If the pronoun is used as a subject, its verb is typically (but not always) conjugated in the third person plural.

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: işan
• → Chagatai: ایشان
  • Uyghur: ئىشان (ishan)
  • Uzbek: eshon
• → Chinese:

  Mandarin: 依禪／依禅 (yīchán)

• → English: ishan
• → Hindustani:

  Urdu: ایشان (eśān)

• → Kazakh: ишан (işan)
• → Kyrgyz: эшен (eşen)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ایشان
  • Turkish: işan
• → Russian: иша́н (išán)
• → Tatar: ишан (işan)
• → Turkmen: işan

See also

Persian personal pronouns (Iranian Persian)

		singular	plural
1st person		مَن (man)	ما (mâ)
2nd person	familiar	تو (to)	شُما (šomâ)
	polite	شُما (šomâ)
3rd person	general	او (u) اون (on)*	آن‌ها (ân-hâ), آنان (ânân) اونا (onâ)*
	formal	وِی (vey)	ایشان (išân)
	polite	ایشان (išân)

* colloquial pronunciations

Persian personal pronouns (Classical and Dari)

			singular		plural
			nominative	accusative5	nominative	accusative5
1st person	general		من (man)	مرا (marā)	ما (mā)	—
	informal1		مه (ma)	مره (mara)		ماره (māra)
2nd person	familiar		تو (tū, tō)2	ترا (turā)	شما (šumā)	—
	formal		شما (šumā)	—
	informal1		—	تره (tura)	شمایا (šumāyā)	شمایاره (šumāyāra)
3rd person, proximal	general		او (ō) آن (ān)	—	آنان (ānān)4 آن‌ها (ān‑hā)4	—
	formal		وی (way)3 ایشان (ēšān)		ایشان (ēšān)
	informal	normal1	او (ū)	اوره (ūra)	اونا (ūnā)	ایناره (ūnāra)
		emphatic I1	اونو (ūnū)	اونوره (ūnūra)	وا (wā)	واره (wāra)
		emphatic II1	اونمو (ūnamū)	اونموره (ūnamūra)	اونموا (ūnamwā)	اونمواره (ūnamwāra)
3rd person, distal	general		این (īn)	—	اینان (īnān) این‌ها (īn‑hā)	—
	informal	normal1	ای (ī)	ایره (īra)	اینا (īnā)	ایناره (īnāra)
		emphatic I1	اینی (īnī)	اینیره (īnīra)	یا (yā)	یاره (yāra)
		emphatic II1	اینمی (īnamī)	اینمیره (īnamīra)	اینمیا (īnamyā)	اینمیاره (īnamyāra)

¹ Only applies to Dari.
² Only applies to Classical Persian.
³ Not formal in Tajik.
⁴ The plural forms آن‌ها and آنان are typically interchangeable.
⁵ All accusative pronouns can be created with the nominative + را; only unique forms are included.