شما

See also: سما

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾšmʾ, ʿšmʾ (ašmā, išmā, “you”), from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (plural)”). Compare Southern Luri ایسا (īsâ, “you”) and Bakhtiari ایسا (īsâ, “you”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃu.ˈmɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃu.mɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃo.mɒ́ː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃu.mɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading?	šumā
Dari reading?	šumā
Iranian reading?	šomâ
Tajik reading?	šumo

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Pronoun

Dari	شما
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шумо, Шумо

شُما • (šomâ)

1. you (formal, polite, and grammatically plural)

See also

Persian personal pronouns (Iranian Persian)

		singular	plural
1st person		مَن (man)	ما (mâ)
2nd person	familiar	تو (to)	شُما (šomâ)
	polite	شُما (šomâ)
3rd person	general	او (u) اون (on)*	آن‌ها (ân-hâ), آنان (ânân) اونا (onâ)*
	formal	وِی (vey)	ایشان (išân)
	polite	ایشان (išân)
* colloquial pronunciations

Persian personal pronouns (Classical and Dari)

			singular		plural
			nominative	accusative5	nominative	accusative5
1st person	general		من man	مرا marā	ما mā	-
	informal1		مه ma	مره mara		ماره māra
2nd person	familiar		تو tū, tō2	ترا turā	شما šumā	-
	formal		شما šumā	-
	informal1		-	تره tura	شمایا šumāyā	شمایاره šumāyāra
3rd person	distal	general	او ō	-	آنان4 ānān	-
			آن ān		آن‌ها4 ān‑hā
		formal	وی3 way		ایشان ēšān
			ایشان ēšān
		informal, normal1	او ū	اوره ūra	اونا ūnā	ایناره ūnāra
		informal, emphatic I1	اونو ūnū	اونوره ūnūra	وا wā	واره wāra
		informal, emphatic II1	اونمو ūnamū	اونموره ūnamūra	اونموا ūnamwā	اونمواره ūnamwāra
	proximal	general	این īn	-	اینان īnān	-
					این‌ها īn‑hā
		informal, normal1	ای ī	ایره īra	اینا īnā	ایناره īnāra
		informal, emphatic I1	اینی īnī	اینیره īnīra	یا yā	یاره yāra
		informal, emphatic II1	اینمی īnamī	اینمیره īnamīra	اینمیا īnamyā	اینمیاره īnamyāra
1 only applies to Dari 2 only applies to Classical Persian 3 not formal in Tajik 4 the plural forms آن‌ها and آنان are typically interchangeable 5 all accusative pronouns can be created with the nominative + را, only unique forms are included

References

• Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 538