استاد
Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- استاذ (ostâz) (archaic)
- اوستاد (ôstâd)
- استا (ostâ), اوستا (ustâ)
- (informal) اوسا (ussâ), (slang) اوس (us)
Etymology
[edit]From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔus.tɑːð]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔus.t̪ʰɔd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ustāḏ |
Dari reading? | ustād |
Iranian reading? | ostâd |
Tajik reading? | ustod |
Adjective
[edit]اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))
Noun
[edit]Dari | استاد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | устод |
اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))
- master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
- (archaic) tutor
- a senior craftsman
- expert
- professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)
Derived terms
[edit]- استادی (ostâdi)
- استادانه (ostâdâne)
- استاخانه (ostâxâne)
- استادکار (ostâdkâr), استاکار (ostâkâr)
- استادیار (ostâdyâr)
- استادتمام (ostâdtamâm)
Descendants
[edit]- → Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ)
- → Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad)
- → Azerbaijani: usta, ustad
- → Bashkir: оҫта (ośta), остаз (ostaz)
- → Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ōstad)
- → Chinese:
- → Dungan: вуста (vusta)
- → Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
- → Gujarati: ઉસ્તાદ (ustād)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)
- → Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)
- → Ottoman Turkish: استا (usta), استاد (üstâd)
- → Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)
- → Uyghur: ئۇستا (usta), ئۇستات (ustat), ئۇستاز (ustaz)
- → Uzbek: usta, ustoz
References
[edit]Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian اُسْتَاد (ustād). Doublet of اُسْتاذ (ustāz).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʊs.t̪ɑːd̪/
- Rhymes: -ɑːd̪
- Hyphenation: اُسْ‧تاد
Noun
[edit]اُسْتاد • (ustād) m (formal plural اَساتِذَہ (asātiza), Hindi spelling उस्ताद)
- professor; teacher, tutor
- expert, master
- (religion) spiritual leader
- An honorific title used for a great musician of Hindustani classical music
Declension
[edit]Declension of استاد | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
direct | اُسْتاد (ustād) | اُسْتاد (ustād) | ||||||
oblique | اُسْتاد (ustād) | اُسْتادوں (ustādõ) | ||||||
vocative | اُسْتاد (ustād) | اُسْتادو (ustādo) |
Descendants
[edit]- → English: ustad
Further reading
[edit]- Platts, John T. (1884) “استاد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 47
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “استاد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 50
- “استاد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- John Shakespear (1834) “استاد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- “استاد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- fa:Occupations
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- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːd̪
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- ur:Religion
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