שומר

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׁ־מ־ר (sh-m-r)
15 terms

From the root שׁ־מ־ר

Pronunciation 1

• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/ [ʃumˈmaːʀ]
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/ [ʃumˈmæːr]
• (Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmær/
• (Iraqi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmar/ (West), /ʃumˈmar/ (East)
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmar/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmaʁ/

Verb

שומר / שֻׁמַּר • (šumár) (pu'al construction, active counterpart שימר / שִׁמֵּר)

1. to be preserved, to be conserved
2. to be pickled

Conjugation

Conjugation of שומר / שֻׁמַּר (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

non-finite forms		to-infinitive		—
finite forms		singular		plural
		m	f	m	f
past	first	שומרתי / שֻׁמַּרְתִּי		שומרנו / שֻׁמַּרְנוּ
	second	שומרת / שֻׁמַּרְתָּ	שומרת / שֻׁמַּרְתְּ	שומרתם / שֻׁמַּרְתֶּם	שומרתן / שֻׁמַּרְתֶּן
	third	שומר / שֻׁמַּר	שומרה / שֻׁמְּרָה	שומרו / שֻׁמְּרוּ
present		משומר / מְשֻׁמָּר	משומרת / מְשֻׁמֶּרֶת	משומרים / מְשֻׁמָּרִים	משומרות / מְשֻׁמָּרוֹת
future	first	אשומר / אֲשֻׁמַּר		נשומר / נְשֻׁמַּר
	second	תשומר / תְּשֻׁמַּר	תשומרי / תְּשֻׁמְּרִי	תשומרו / תְּשֻׁמְּרוּ	תשומרנה / תְּשֻׁמַּרְנָה1
	third	ישומר / יְשֻׁמַּר	תשומר / תְּשֻׁמַּר	ישומרו / יְשֻׁמְּרוּ	תשומרנה / תְּשֻׁמַּרְנָה1
imperative		—	—	—	—1

¹ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Pronunciation 2

• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoːˈmir/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoːˈmeːr/ [ʃoːˈmeːʀ]
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃøˈmer/ [ʃøːˈmeːr], [ʃeːˈmeːr]
• (Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmer/
• (Iraqi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmer/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmer/
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoːˈmeːr/, /ʃojˈmejr/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃoˈmeʁ/

Noun

שׁוֹמֵר • (šomér) m (plural indefinite שׁוֹמְרִים, singular construct שׁוֹמֵר־, plural construct שׁוֹמְרֵי־) [pattern: קוֹטֵל]

1. keeper, one who keeps
2. guard, protector, one who protects
   • Tanach, Psalms 121:4:

     הִנֵּה לֹא יָנוּם וְלֹא יִישָׁן שׁוֹמֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל.

     hinnē lō yānūm v'lō yīšān šōmēr yiśrāʾēl.

     Behold, the guardian of Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps.

Derived terms

• שׁוֹמֵר רֹאשׁ (shomér-rósh)
• שׁוֹמֵר שַׁבָּת
• שׁוֹמֵר נְגִיעָה
• שׁוֹמֵר מִצְווֹת

Verb

שׁוֹמֵר • (šomér)

1. masculine singular present of שָׁמַר

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒌑𒄩 (šimru, “fennel”). See Arabic شَمَر (šamar, “fennel”) for other cognates. Largely displaced the native Hebrew synonym גּוּפְנָן (gup̄nān, “fennel”).

Pronunciation

• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmaːr/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmɔːr/ [ʃumˈmɔːʀ]
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmɔr/ [ʃumˈmɔːr]
• (Persian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmɒr/
• (Iraqi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃumˈmar/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmar/ (West), /ʃumˈmar/ (East)
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmɔr/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃuˈmaʁ/

Noun

שומר / שֻׁמָּר • (šumár) m

1. fennel

Derived terms

• שָׁמִיר (šāmī́r, “dill”)

Etymology 3

From the Akkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumer).

Proper noun

שׁוּמֶר • (šumer)

1. Sumer (earliest known civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia)

Synonyms

• (Sumer): (biblical) שִׁנְעָר (šinʿār)

Anagrams

• רושם