чука

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *čuka, limited to South Slavic languages. Possibly of Paleo-Balkan origin (compare Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian cioc (“beak”), Romanian ciucă (“peak”)) or native related to Bulgarian чу́кам (čúkam, “to hew, to forge”), ку́ка (kúka, “hook”). In the later case, the word would be akin to English height.

Noun

чу́ка • (čúka) f

1. rocky hillock, peak

Declension

Declension of чу́ка

	singular	plural
indefinite	чу́ка čúka	чу́ки čúki
definite	чу́ката čúkata	чу́ките čúkite

Derived terms

• чука́р m (čukár), чука́ра f (čukára, “roocky peak, cusp”)

References

• “чука”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “чука”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃuka]
• Rhymes: -uka

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka.

Noun

чука • (čuka) f (plural чуки)

1. rocky peak

Declension

Declension of чука

	singular	plural
indefinite	чука (čuka)	чуки (čuki)
definite unspecified	чуката (čukata)	чуките (čukite)
definite proximal	чукава (čukava)	чукиве (čukive)
definite distal	чукана (čukana)	чукине (čukine)
vocative	чуко (čuko)	чуки (čuki)

Etymology 2

Verb

чука • (čuka) third-singular present, impf (perfective чукне)

1. (transitive, frequentative) to knock, strike, beat
2. (intransitive, frequentative) to throb, beat (e.g. heart)

Conjugation

Conjugation of чука (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	чукал	—	adjectival participle	чукан
feminine	чукала	—	adverbial participle	чукајќи
neuter	чукало	—	verbal noun	чукање
plural	чукале	—	perfect participle	чукано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	чукам	чукав	—	—
2nd singular	чукаш	чукаше	—	чукај
3rd singular	чука	чукаше	—	—
1st plural	чукаме	чукавме	—	—
2nd plural	чукате	чукавте	—	чукајте
3rd plural	чукаат	чукаа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум чукал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам чукано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев чукал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав чукано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал чукано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе чукам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам чукано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе чукав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав чукано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум чукал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал чукано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би чукал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал чукано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ. Compare Lithuanian čiùkaras (“sharp rock”), dialectal Bulgarian чука́ра (čukára) and dialectal Serbian чу̀кара (“sharp rock”). According to some others, the word is borrowed from pre-Slavic substratum due to the fact that it's absent in western Slavdom, the substratum language being possibly Albanian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃûka/
• Hyphenation: чу‧ка

Noun

чу̏ка f (Latin spelling čȕka)

1. (regional) hill or hillock on one side extremely steep, and the other milder sloped
2. (regional) hilltop

Declension

Declension of чука

	singular	plural
nominative	чу̏ка	чуке
genitive	чуке	чу̑ка̄
dative	чу̏ки	чукама
accusative	чуку	чуке
vocative	чуко	чуке
locative	чу̏ки	чукама
instrumental	чуком	чукама

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃûka/
• Hyphenation: чу‧ка

Noun

чу̏ка f (Latin spelling čȕka)

1. (slang, regional) clock, watch
2. (slang, regional) hour
3. (slang, regional) heart, ticker

Declension

Declension of чука

	singular	plural
nominative	чу̏ка	чуке
genitive	чуке	чу̑ка̄
dative	чу̏ки	чукама
accusative	чуку	чуке
vocative	чуко	чуке
locative	чу̏ки	чукама
instrumental	чуком	чукама

References

• “чука”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• Skok, Petar (1971) “чука”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 340
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*чука”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 285