чукам

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čukati, at least partially of onomatopoeic origin. Some of the meanings may reflect an e-ablaut of ку́я (kúja, “to hew”) (dialectal) +‎ -кам (-kam).

Verb

чу́кам • (čúkam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective чу́кна)

1. (onomatopoeic) to clack, to patter
2. (intransitive) to knock, to tap, to clap

   чу́кам на врата́та

   čúkam na vratáta

   to knock on the door

3. (intransitive) to strike, to hew, to smite

   чу́кам с чук

   čúkam s čuk

   to smite with a hammer

4. (transitive) to hammer, to drive in

   чу́кам гво́здей в дъ́ска

   čúkam gvózdej v dǎ́ska

   to hammer a pin into a plank

5. (reflexive with се, slang) to have intercourse

Conjugation

    Conjugation of чу́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	чу́кащ čúkašt	чу́кал, чука́л1 čúkal, čukál1	чу́кал čúkal	—		чу́кайки čúkajki
	definite subject form	чу́кащият čúkaštijat	чу́калият, чука́лият1 čúkalijat, čukálijat1	—	—
	definite object form	чу́кащия čúkaštija	чу́калия, чука́лия1 čúkalija, čukálija1	—	—
feminine	indefinite	чу́каща čúkašta	чу́кала, чука́ла1 čúkala, čukála1	чу́кала čúkala	—
	definite	чу́кащата čúkaštata	чу́калата, чука́лата1 čúkalata, čukálata1	—	—
neuter	indefinite	чу́кащо čúkašto	чу́кало, чука́ло1 čúkalo, čukálo1	чу́кало čúkalo	—	чу́кане čúkane
	definite	чу́кащото čúkaštoto	чу́калото, чука́лото1 čúkaloto, čukáloto1	—	—	чу́кането čúkaneto
plural	indefinite	чу́кащи čúkašti	чу́кали, чука́ли1 čúkali, čukáli1	чу́кали čúkali	—	чу́кания, чу́канета čúkanija, čúkaneta
	definite	чу́кащите čúkaštite	чу́калите, чука́лите1 čúkalite, čukálite1	—	—	чу́канията, чу́канетата čúkanijata, čúkanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		чу́кам čúkam	чу́каш čúkaš	чу́ка čúka	чу́каме čúkame	чу́кате čúkate	чу́кат čúkat
imperfect		чу́ках čúkah	чу́каше čúkaše	чу́каше čúkaše	чу́кахме čúkahme	чу́кахте čúkahte	чу́каха čúkaha
aorist		чу́ках, чука́х1 čúkah, čukáh1	чу́ка, чука́1 čúka, čuká1	чу́ка, чука́1 čúka, čuká1	чу́кахме, чука́хме1 čúkahme, čukáhme1	чу́кахте, чука́хте1 čúkahte, čukáhte1	чу́каха, чука́ха1 čúkaha, čukáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чу́кал m, чу́кала f, чу́кало n, or чу́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал m, чу́кала f, чу́кало n, or чу́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and чу́кал m, чу́кала f, чу́кало n, or чу́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			чу́кай čúkaj			чу́кайте čúkajte

¹Dialectally marked.

    Conjugation of чу́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	чу́кащ čúkašt	чу́кал, чука́л1 čúkal, čukál1	чу́кал čúkal	чу́кан čúkan		чу́кайки čúkajki
	definite subject form	чу́кащият čúkaštijat	чу́калият, чука́лият1 čúkalijat, čukálijat1	—	чу́каният čúkanijat
	definite object form	чу́кащия čúkaštija	чу́калия, чука́лия1 čúkalija, čukálija1	—	чу́кания čúkanija
feminine	indefinite	чу́каща čúkašta	чу́кала, чука́ла1 čúkala, čukála1	чу́кала čúkala	чу́кана čúkana
	definite	чу́кащата čúkaštata	чу́калата, чука́лата1 čúkalata, čukálata1	—	чу́каната čúkanata
neuter	indefinite	чу́кащо čúkašto	чу́кало, чука́ло1 čúkalo, čukálo1	чу́кало čúkalo	чу́кано čúkano	чу́кане čúkane
	definite	чу́кащото čúkaštoto	чу́калото, чука́лото1 čúkaloto, čukáloto1	—	чу́каното čúkanoto	чу́кането čúkaneto
plural	indefinite	чу́кащи čúkašti	чу́кали, чука́ли1 čúkali, čukáli1	чу́кали čúkali	чу́кани čúkani	чу́кания, чу́канета čúkanija, čúkaneta
	definite	чу́кащите čúkaštite	чу́калите, чука́лите1 čúkalite, čukálite1	—	чу́каните čúkanite	чу́канията, чу́канетата čúkanijata, čúkanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		чу́кам čúkam	чу́каш čúkaš	чу́ка čúka	чу́каме čúkame	чу́кате čúkate	чу́кат čúkat
imperfect		чу́ках čúkah	чу́каше čúkaše	чу́каше čúkaše	чу́кахме čúkahme	чу́кахте čúkahte	чу́каха čúkaha
aorist		чу́ках, чука́х1 čúkah, čukáh1	чу́ка, чука́1 čúka, čuká1	чу́ка, чука́1 čúka, čuká1	чу́кахме, чука́хме1 čúkahme, čukáhme1	чу́кахте, чука́хте1 čúkahte, čukáhte1	чу́каха, чука́ха1 čúkaha, čukáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чу́кал m, чу́кала f, чу́кало n, or чу́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал m, чу́кала f, чу́кало n, or чу́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and чу́кал m, чу́кала f, чу́кало n, or чу́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and чу́кал/чука́л1 m, чу́кала/чука́ла1 f, чу́кало/чука́ло1 n, or чу́кали/чука́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			чу́кай čúkaj			чу́кайте čúkajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• чу́квам (čúkvam) (semelfactive)
• вчу́кам pf (včúkam), вчу́квам impf (včúkvam)
• дочу́кам pf (dočúkam), дочу́квам impf (dočúkvam)
• зачу́кам pf (začúkam), зачу́квам impf (začúkvam)
• изчу́кам pf (izčúkam), изчу́квам impf (izčúkvam)
• начу́кам pf (načúkam), начу́квам impf (načúkvam)
• очу́кам pf (očúkam), очу́квам impf (očúkvam)
• почу́кам pf (počúkam), почу́квам impf (počúkvam)
• пречу́кам pf (prečúkam), пречу́квам impf (prečúkvam)
• разчу́кам се pf (razčúkam se), разчу́квам се impf (razčúkvam se)
• счу́кам pf (sčúkam), счу́квам impf (sčúkvam, “to crush”)
• чу́кан (čúkan), чука́ло (čukálo) (instrumental nouns)

Related terms

• чук (čuk, “hammer, mallet”)

References

• “чукам”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “чукам”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010