крыўда

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• kryŭda — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic кривьда (krivĭda), from Proto-Slavic *krivьda. Compare Russian кри́вда (krívda), Ukrainian кри́вда (krývda), Polish krzywda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkrɨu̯da]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

кры́ўда • (krýŭda) f inan (genitive кры́ўды, nominative plural кры́ўды, genitive plural крыўд, relational adjective кры́ўдны)

1. injury, harm, offense, affront, insult (the violation of a person's reputation, rights, property, or interests)
   • 1940 [1826], James Fenimore Cooper, translated by an anonymous translator, Апошні з магікан, Менск: ДВБ, translation of The Last of the Mohicans, page 139:

     Хіба́ няма́ такі́х падару́нкаў, які́я маглі-б загла́дзіць зробленую табе́ кры́ўду і памякчы́ць тваё сэ́рца? Прашу́ цябе́, па кра́йняй ме́ры, вызвалі́ць хоць маю́ ці́хую сястру́; спагані́ на мне адной усю́ тваю́ злосць.

     Xibá njamá takíx padarúnkaŭ, jakíja mahli-b zahládzicʹ zróbljenuju tabjé krýŭdu i pamjakčýcʹ tvajó sérca? Prašú cjabjé, pa krájnjaj mjéry, vyzvalícʹ xocʹ majú cíxuju sjastrú; spahaní na mnje adnój usjú tvajú zloscʹ.

     [original: Is there no reward, no means of palliating the injury, and of softening your heart? At least, release my gentle sister, and pour out all your malice on me.]

   • 1940 [1861], Charles Dickens, translated by an anonymous translator, Вялікія чаканні, Мінск: ДВБ, translation of Great Expectations, page 160:

     Стартоп быў жывы́, вясёлы хлопец, простая проціле́гласць Дрэ́млю, і апошні заўсёды глядзе́ў на яго як на асабі́стую для сябе́ кры́ўду.

     Startóp byŭ žyvý, vjasjóly xlópjec, próstaja prociljéhlascʹ Drémlju, i apóšni zaŭsjódy hljadzjéŭ na jahó jak na asabístuju dlja sjabjé krýŭdu.

     [original: Startop being a lively bright young fellow, and Drummle being the exact opposite, the latter was always disposed to resent him as a direct personal affront.]

2. grudge, grievance, resentment (anger or displeasure stemming from belief that one has been wronged or betrayed by others)

   быць у кры́ўдзе ― bycʹ u krýŭdzje ― to have a grudge

   • 1939 [1906], Jack London, Белы клык, Мінск: ДВБ, translation of White Fang, page 170:

     — Столькі часу карміў яго, а ён мне цяпер у рукі не даецца, — з крыўдай прамармытаў паганяты.

     — Stólʹki času karmiŭ jahó, a jon mnje cjapjer u ruki nje dajecca, — z kryŭdaj pramarmytaŭ pahanjaty.

     [original: "Won't come to the hand that's fed 'm all these months," the dog-musher muttered resentfully.]

   • 1941 [1865], Mayne Reid, translated by Уладзімір Ляўданскі, Коннік без галавы, Мінск: ДВБ, translation of The Headless Horseman, page 13:

     Малада́я дзяўчы́на адкі́нулася наза́д, непрые́мна здзі́ўленая гэ́тымі словамі, але́ скры́ла сваю́ кры́ўду і звонка засмяя́лася.

     Maladája dzjaŭčýna adkínulasja nazád, njepryjémna zdzíŭljenaja hétymi slóvami, aljé skrýla svajú krýŭdu i zvónka zasmjajálasja.

     [original: The young girl threw herself back upon the seat — evidently displeased, both by the speech and the tone in which it was delivered. But her displeasure, instead of expressing itself in a frown, or in the shape of an indignant rejoinder, was concealed under a guise far more galling to him who had caused it. A clear ringing laugh was the only reply vouchsafed to him.]

Declension

Declension of кры́ўда (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	кры́ўда krýŭda	кры́ўды krýŭdy
genitive	кры́ўды krýŭdy	крыўд kryŭd
dative	кры́ўдзе krýŭdzje	кры́ўдам krýŭdam
accusative	кры́ўду krýŭdu	кры́ўды krýŭdy
instrumental	кры́ўдай, кры́ўдаю krýŭdaj, krýŭdaju	кры́ўдамі krýŭdami
locative	кры́ўдзе krýŭdzje	кры́ўдах krýŭdax
count form	—	кры́ўды1 krýŭdy1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Derived terms

• крыўдава́ць (kryŭdavácʹ)

Related terms

• кры́ўдзіць (krýŭdzicʹ), кры́ўдзіцца (krýŭdzicca)
• кры́ўдзі́цель (krýŭdzícjelʹ)
• кры́ўдлівы (krýŭdlivy), кры́ўдлівнасць (krýŭdlivnascʹ)

References

• “крыўда” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
• “крыўда”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• "крыўда" in Valentyna Pashkevich's English-Belarusian dictionary (Taraškievica orthography) at Verbum