князь
See also: knyaz
Belarusian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *kъnędzь.
Doublet of ксёндз (ksjondz), a borrowing from Polish.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]князь • (knjazʹ) m pers (genitive кня́зя, nominative plural князі́, genitive plural князёў, feminine княгі́ня, relational adjective кня́жацкі or кня́жы or кня́скі or кня́жыцкі, diminutive князёк)
Declension
[edit]Declension of князь (pr soft masc-form accent-c)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | князь knjazʹ |
князі́ knjazí |
| genitive | кня́зя knjázja |
князёў knjazjóŭ |
| dative | кня́зю knjázju |
князя́м knjazjám |
| accusative | кня́зя knjázja |
князёў knjazjóŭ |
| instrumental | кня́зем knjázjem |
князя́мі knjazjámi |
| locative | кня́зю knjázju |
князя́х knjazjáx |
| count form | — | кня́зі1 knjázi1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
[edit]- “князь” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Russian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъnędzь, borrowed from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. The feminine form княги́ня (knjagínja, “princess”) has preserved the original, Germanic g sound.
Doublet of ксёндз (ksjondz), a borrowing from Polish, and ко́нунг (kónung).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]князь • (knjazʹ) m anim (genitive кня́зя, nominative plural князья́ or кня́зи*, genitive plural князе́й, feminine княги́ня, relational adjective кня́жеский or кня́жий, diminutive князёк) (* uncommon)
- prince; duke
- 1969 [1917], Владимир Ленин [Vladimir Lenin], “Благодарность князю Г. Е. Львову”, in В. И. Ленин – Полное собрание сочинений, volume 34, page 20; English translation from “Our Thanks to Prince G. Y. Lvov”, in V. I. Lenin – Collected Works, volume 25, translation of original in Russian, 1974, page 195:
- В отличие от болтунов мелкой буржуазии, эсеров и меньшевиков, пролетариат будет твёрдо знать, в чем состоит на деле «прорыв на фронте» классовой борьбы, обезврежение врага, обезврежение эксплуататоров. Князь Львов помог пролетариату познать эту истину. Поблагодарим князя Львова.
- V otličije ot boltunov melkoj buržuazii, eserov i menʹševikov, proletariat budet tvjórdo znatʹ, v čem sostoit na dele «proryv na fronte» klassovoj borʹby, obezvreženije vraga, obezvreženije ekspluatatorov. Knjazʹ Lʹvov pomog proletariatu poznatʹ etu istinu. Poblagodarim knjazja Lʹvova.
- Unlike the petty-bourgeois—Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik—windbags, the proletariat will know very well what is actually meant by a “breach in the front” of the class struggle and by making the enemy, the exploiters, harmless. Prince Lvov has helped the workers realise this truth. Thank you, Prince Lvov.
Usage notes
[edit]- In medieval Russia, the term князь (knjazʹ) denoted the ruler of a principality. In the Russian Empire, it was a high noble title which could be inherited or bestowed by the tsar, and was automatically granted to some members of the imperial family. The term is also used to translate some foreign noble titles, e.g. the German Fürst, the Italian principe, and the Georgian თავადი (tavadi) and ერისთავი (eristavi).
- There is a special translative form in the saying из гря́зи в кня́зи (iz grjázi v knjázi, “from rags to riches”).
Declension
[edit]Declension of князь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-c/e irreg)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кня́зь knjázʹ |
князья́△, кня́зи* knjazʹjá△, knjázi* |
| genitive | кня́зя knjázja |
князе́й△ knjazéj△ |
| dative | кня́зю knjázju |
князья́м△, князя́м* knjazʹjám△, knjazjám* |
| accusative | кня́зя knjázja |
князе́й△ knjazéj△ |
| instrumental | кня́зем knjázem |
князья́ми△, князя́ми* knjazʹjámi△, knjazjámi* |
| prepositional | кня́зе knjáze |
князья́х△, князя́х* knjazʹjáx△, knjazjáx* |
| vocative | кня́же knjáže |
△ Irregular.
* Uncommon.
Pre-reform declension of князь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-c/e irreg)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кня́зь knjázʹ |
князья́△, кня́зи knjazʹjá△, knjázi |
| genitive | кня́зя knjázja |
князе́й△ knjazéj△ |
| dative | кня́зю knjázju |
князья́мъ△, князя́мъ knjazʹjám△, knjazjám |
| accusative | кня́зя knjázja |
князе́й△ knjazéj△ |
| instrumental | кня́земъ knjázem |
князья́ми△, князя́ми knjazʹjámi△, knjazjámi |
| prepositional | кня́зѣ knjázě |
князья́хъ△, князя́хъ knjazʹjáx△, knjazjáx |
| vocative | кня́же knjáže |
△ Irregular.
Derived terms
[edit]- княги́ня f anim (knjagínja)
- княже́ние n (knjažénije)
- княжени́ка f (knjaženíka, “arctic raspberry”)
- кня́жество n (knjážestvo)
- кня́жить impf (knjážitʹ)
- кня́жич m anim (knjážič)
- княжна́ f anim (knjažná)
- Phrases
- вели́кий кня́зь m anim (velíkij knjázʹ)
- из гря́зи в кня́зи (iz grjázi v knjázi)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: knyaz
- → Kazakh: кінәз (kınäz)
- → Turkmen: knýaz
- → Polish: kniaź
- → Yakut: кинээс (kinees)
See also
[edit]- принц m anim (princ)
References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “князь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Shansky, N. M., editor (1982), “князь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, number 8 (К), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 175
- Krylov, G. A. (2004) “князь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN
- Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “князь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 180
Further reading
[edit]- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “князь”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Ukrainian князь m (knjazʹ, “a prince”), кнѧ́зь m (knjázʹ), from Old East Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Slavic *kъ̏nędzь m (“a prince”). Doublet of ксьондз (ksʹondz) and кінг (kinh).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]князь • (knjazʹ) m pers (genitive кня́зя, nominative plural кня́зі, genitive plural кня́зів, feminine княги́ня, relational adjective князі́вський or кня́жий or кня́зів or князьки́й, diminutive кня́зик)
- the monarch of a state or a principality: prince, king, duke
- a royal title: prince, duke, etc.
- groom, bridegroom
Usage notes
[edit]- In medieval Ukraine (Kyivan Rus and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), the term князь (knjazʹ) knyaz denoted the ruler of a state, later also of a principality. The ruler of a great state or an autonomous great principality was also called великий князь (grand duke) to distinguish him from the other dukes.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | князь knjazʹ |
кня́зі knjázi |
| genitive | кня́зя knjázja |
кня́зів knjáziv |
| dative | кня́зеві, кня́зю knjázevi, knjázju |
кня́зям knjázjam |
| accusative | кня́зя knjázja |
кня́зів knjáziv |
| instrumental | кня́зем knjázem |
кня́зями knjázjamy |
| locative | кня́зеві, кня́зю, кня́зі knjázevi, knjázju, knjázi |
кня́зях knjázjax |
| vocative | кня́зю knjázju |
кня́зі knjázi |
Derived terms
[edit]- князі́вство n (knjazívstvo)
Further reading
[edit]- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “князь”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
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- Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-
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