гайка

Belarusian

гайка

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка (hájka), from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɣajka]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ajka
• Hyphenation: гай‧ка

Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йкі, nominative plural га́йкі, genitive plural га́ек, relational adjective га́ечны, diminutive га́ечка)

1. nut (a metal part of various shapes with a hole that has a screw thread for screwing on something)

Declension

Declension of га́йка (inan velar fem-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка hájka	га́йкі hájki
genitive	га́йкі hájki	га́ек hájek
dative	га́йцы hájcy	га́йкам hájkam
accusative	га́йку hájku	га́йкі hájki
instrumental	га́йкай, га́йкаю hájkaj, hájkaju	га́йкамі hájkami
locative	га́йцы hájcy	га́йках hájkax
count form	—	га́йкі1 hájki1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Further reading

• “гайка”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “гайка” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Гайка навита о болт

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. Further origin is uncertain:

• Either related to Bulgarian жир (žir, “fat, grease”), гоя́ (gojá, “to lush”) with initial meaning something that fastens, fixates (compare Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to hinder one's motion”), Czech hájit (“to protect”));
• or from the root of Bulgarian га́щи (gášti, “pants”), originally meaning something that fits onto.

See Russian га́йка (gájka) for further discussion and cognates.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡajkɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f (relational adjective га́ечен, diminutive га́йчица)

1. nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)

   Synonym: (dialectal, dated) нави́тък (navítǎk)

Declension

Declension of га́йка

	singular	plural
indefinite	га́йка gájka	га́йки gájki
definite	га́йката gájkata	га́йките gájkite

Derived terms

• га́ечен ключ (gáečen ključ, “spanner, wrench”)

References

• “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Old Ruthenian

га́йка

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. First attested in the 18th century.

Noun

гайка • (hajka) f inan

1. nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)

Descendants

• Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
• Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)

Russian

Etymology

Per Trubachev and Anikin (although Vasmer expressed skepticism) from Proto-Slavic *gajьka (“something that connects; something that prohibits”), derived from Proto-Slavic *gajiti (“to protect”).

Attested since 17th century.

Cognates include Serbo-Croatian gȃjka (“movable ring; nut”), dialectal Czech hajka (“straw landmark on a pole as a sign prohibiting road use”), Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to slow down; to linger”), Czech hájiti (“to protect, care”), Slovak hájit’ (“to protect, stand up for”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡajkə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural га́йки, genitive plural га́ек, relational adjective га́ечный, diminutive га́ечка)

1. nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)

Declension

Declension of га́йка (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-a reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка gájka	га́йки gájki
genitive	га́йки gájki	га́ек gájek
dative	га́йке gájke	га́йкам gájkam
accusative	га́йку gájku	га́йки gájki
instrumental	га́йкой, га́йкою gájkoj, gájkoju	га́йками gájkami
prepositional	га́йке gájke	га́йках gájkax

Pre-reform declension of га́йка (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-a reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка gájka	га́йки gájki
genitive	га́йки gájki	га́екъ gájek
dative	га́йкѣ gájkě	га́йкамъ gájkam
accusative	га́йку gájku	га́йки gájki
instrumental	га́йкой, га́йкою gájkoj, gájkoju	га́йками gájkami
prepositional	га́йкѣ gájkě	га́йкахъ gájkax

Related terms

• гайковёрт (gajkovjórt), га́ечный ключ (gáječnyj ključ)
• гайконарезно́й (gajkonareznój)

Descendants

• → Armenian: գայկա (gayka)
• → Azerbaijani: qayka
• → Bulgarian: га́йка (gájka)
• → Ingrian: gaika
• → Old Ruthenian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)
• → Turkmen: gaýka
• → Votic: gaikõ

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гайка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading

• гайка in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦai̯kɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Probably inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка (hájka), from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural гайки́, genitive plural гайо́к, relational adjective гайкови́й, diminutive га́єчка)

1. nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)

   закру́чувати/закрути́ти гайки́ (idiomatic) ― zakrúčuvaty/zakrutýty hajký ― to tighten the screws, to put the screws, to clamp down (literally, “to tighten the nuts”)

Declension

Declension of га́йка (inan hard fem-form accent-c reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка hájka	гайки́ hajký
genitive	га́йки hájky	гайо́к hajók
dative	га́йці hájci	гайка́м hajkám
accusative	га́йку hájku	гайки́ hajký
instrumental	га́йкою hájkoju	гайка́ми hajkámy
locative	га́йці hájci	гайка́х hajkáx
vocative	га́йко hájko	гайки́ hajký

Derived terms

• гайкове́рт m (hajkovért)
• гайконарізни́й (hajkonariznýj)
• гайкоштампува́ння (hajkoštampuvánnja)

 

Etymology 2

Possibly from га́яння (hájannja) +‎ -ка (-ka).

Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural гайки́, genitive plural гайо́к)

1. (colloquial, rare) delay, tarrying

   Synonym: за́три́мка f (zátrýmka)

Declension

Declension of га́йка (inan hard fem-form accent-c reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка hájka	гайки́ hajký
genitive	га́йки hájky	гайо́к hajók
dative	га́йці hájci	гайка́м hajkám
accusative	га́йку hájku	гайки́ hajký
instrumental	га́йкою hájkoju	гайка́ми hajkámy
locative	га́йці hájci	гайка́х hajkáx
vocative	га́йко hájko	гайки́ hajký

Related terms

• га́яння n (hájannja)
• га́яти impf (hájaty)
• га́ятися impf (hájatysja)

 

References

• Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “гайка”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (відстава́ння – ґура́льня), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN, page 439
• “гайка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1971), “гайка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Г – Ж), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 16
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “гайка”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “гайка”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “гайка”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “гайка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)