φρονέω

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 4 October 2013

Etymology

From o-grade of the root of φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰro.né.ɔː/ → /ɸroˈne.o/ → /froˈne.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰro.né.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pʰroˈne.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɸroˈne.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /froˈne.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /froˈne.o/

Verb

φρονέω • (phronéō)

1. to think, to have understanding, to be wise, prudent
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.79
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 176
   • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 204, (compare 176)
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 617
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, 1348
   • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 115.4
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.5.44
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, First Alcibiades 133C
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 11B
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 266B
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 319.28
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 312
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 712A
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 753
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1252
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 19.34
2. to be minded in a certain way, to mean, intend, purpose
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.98
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.286, (compare 9.608)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.124
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.135
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.310
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 272
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.46
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.85
   1. (with a neuter adjective)
      1. to have certain thoughts towards someone
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.219, (compare Odyssey 6.213)
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.264
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.701
         • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.155
         • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 3.30
         • 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 577
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.74
         • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1436
         • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 774
         • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 20.16
         • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 39C
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.162
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.43
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.596
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.542
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.567
         • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 989, (compare Homer, Iliad 6.400)
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.445
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.85
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.441
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 515
         • 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 799
         • 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 90C
         • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 425
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 777
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.7.3
         • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Timon 57
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 228
         • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 507
         • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 821
         • New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 8:5
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.23
      2. (preceded by μέγα (méga)) to be high-minded, to have high thoughts, to be sprited and bold
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.296
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.156
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.758
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.325, (compare Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.5.62)
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1078, (compare Lysias, Collected Works 195.14, Isocrates, Collected Works 67E)
         1. (in Attic, in a bad sense) to be heady, presumptuous, conceited, proud
            • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 217A
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 342A
            • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.16
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.1.27
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.6.8
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.5.21
            • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 768
            • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 141B
            • 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 933
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 257E
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 2.5
            • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 836.11
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hipparchicus 7.3
            • 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 6
            • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 44.36
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.13
            • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 198D
            • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.4.45
            • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 217A
      3. to agree, to side with
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.162
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.102
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 491
         • 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 623
         • 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 577
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.30
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.145, (compare Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.22)
         • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 184D
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.50, (compare Sophocles, Antigone 374)
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.60
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.3
         • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 634
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.345
         • 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 469
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.54
         • 361 BCE – 291 BCE, Dinarchus, 96 15
3. to have a thing in one's mind, mind, take heed
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.136
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.193
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.281
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 67.11
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.116, (compare Homer, Iliad 2.36)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.82
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.16
   • New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 14:6
4. to be in possession of one's senses, to be sensible, to be alive
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.59
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 517
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 554
   • 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 249A
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 82, (compare 344)
   • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 853
   • 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1129
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 85E, (compare Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.3.12)
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 385, (compare Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1666)
   • 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1329
   • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 332
   • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 851
   • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 817
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 942
   • 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 924
   • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Hippias Minor 371A

Inflection

   Present: φρονέω, φρονέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φρονέω	φρονέεις	φρονέει	φρονέετον	φρονέετον	φρονέομεν	φρονέετε	φρονέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	φρονέω	φρονέῃς	φρονέῃ	φρονέητον	φρονέητον	φρονέωμεν	φρονέητε	φρονέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φρονέοιμῐ	φρονέοις	φρονέοι	φρονέοιτον	φρονεοίτην	φρονέοιμεν	φρονέοιτε	φρονέοιεν
	imperative		φρόνεε	φρονεέτω	φρονέετον	φρονεέτων		φρονέετε	φρονεόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	φρονέομαι	φρονέῃ, φρονέει	φρονέεται	φρονέεσθον	φρονέεσθον	φρονεόμεθᾰ	φρονέεσθε	φρονέονται
	subjunctive	φρονέωμαι	φρονέῃ	φρονέηται	φρονέησθον	φρονέησθον	φρονεώμεθᾰ	φρονέησθε	φρονέωνται
	optative	φρονεοίμην	φρονέοιο	φρονέοιτο	φρονέοισθον	φρονεοίσθην	φρονεοίμεθᾰ	φρονέοισθε	φρονέοιντο
	imperative		φρονέου	φρονεέσθω	φρονέεσθον	φρονεέσθων		φρονέεσθε	φρονεέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		φρονέειν				φρονέεσθαι
participle	m	φρονέων				φρονεόμενος
	f	φρονέουσᾰ				φρονεομένη
	n	φρονέον				φρονεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: φρονῶ, φρονοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φρονῶ	φρονεῖς	φρονεῖ	φρονεῖτον	φρονεῖτον	φρονοῦμεν	φρονεῖτε	φρονοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	φρονῶ	φρονῇς	φρονῇ	φρονῆτον	φρονῆτον	φρονῶμεν	φρονῆτε	φρονῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	φρονοίην, φρονοῖμῐ	φρονοίης, φρονοῖς	φρονοίη, φρονοῖ	φρονοῖτον, φρονοίητον	φρονοίτην, φρονοιήτην	φρονοῖμεν, φρονοίημεν	φρονοῖτε, φρονοίητε	φρονοῖεν, φρονοίησᾰν
	imperative		φρόνει	φρονείτω	φρονεῖτον	φρονείτων		φρονεῖτε	φρονούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	φρονοῦμαι	φρονεῖ, φρονῇ	φρονεῖται	φρονεῖσθον	φρονεῖσθον	φρονούμεθᾰ	φρονεῖσθε	φρονοῦνται
	subjunctive	φρονῶμαι	φρονῇ	φρονῆται	φρονῆσθον	φρονῆσθον	φρονώμεθᾰ	φρονῆσθε	φρονῶνται
	optative	φρονοίμην	φρονοῖο	φρονοῖτο	φρονοῖσθον	φρονοίσθην	φρονοίμεθᾰ	φρονοῖσθε	φρονοῖντο
	imperative		φρονοῦ	φρονείσθω	φρονεῖσθον	φρονείσθων		φρονεῖσθε	φρονείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		φρονεῖν				φρονεῖσθαι
participle	m	φρονῶν				φρονούμενος
	f	φρονοῦσᾰ				φρονουμένη
	n	φρονοῦν				φρονούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐφρόνεον, ἐφρονεόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐφρόνεον	ἐφρόνεες	ἐφρόνεε(ν)	ἐφρονέετον	ἐφρονεέτην	ἐφρονέομεν	ἐφρονέετε	ἐφρόνεον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐφρονεόμην	ἐφρονέου	ἐφρονέετο	ἐφρονέεσθον	ἐφρονεέσθην	ἐφρονεόμεθᾰ	ἐφρονέεσθε	ἐφρονέοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐφρόνουν, ἐφρονούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐφρόνουν	ἐφρόνεις	ἐφρόνει	ἐφρονεῖτον	ἐφρονείτην	ἐφρονοῦμεν	ἐφρονεῖτε	ἐφρόνουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐφρονούμην	ἐφρονοῦ	ἐφρονεῖτο	ἐφρονεῖσθον	ἐφρονείσθην	ἐφρονούμεθᾰ	ἐφρονεῖσθε	ἐφρονοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: φρονήσω, φρονήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φρονήσω	φρονήσεις	φρονήσει	φρονήσετον	φρονήσετον	φρονήσομεν	φρονήσετε	φρονήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	φρονήσοιμῐ	φρονήσοις	φρονήσοι	φρονήσοιτον	φρονησοίτην	φρονήσοιμεν	φρονήσοιτε	φρονήσοιεν
middle	indicative	φρονήσομαι	φρονήσῃ, φρονήσει	φρονήσεται	φρονήσεσθον	φρονήσεσθον	φρονησόμεθᾰ	φρονήσεσθε	φρονήσονται
	optative	φρονησοίμην	φρονήσοιο	φρονήσοιτο	φρονήσοισθον	φρονησοίσθην	φρονησοίμεθᾰ	φρονήσοισθε	φρονήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φρονήσειν			φρονήσεσθαι
participle	m	φρονήσων			φρονησόμενος
	f	φρονήσουσᾰ			φρονησομένη
	n	φρονῆσον			φρονησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐφρόνησᾰ, ἐφρονησᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐφρόνησᾰ	ἐφρόνησᾰς	ἐφρόνησε(ν)	ἐφρονήσᾰτον	ἐφρονησᾰ́την	ἐφρονήσᾰμεν	ἐφρονήσᾰτε	ἐφρόνησᾰν
	subjunctive	φρονήσω	φρονήσῃς	φρονήσῃ	φρονήσητον	φρονήσητον	φρονήσωμεν	φρονήσητε	φρονήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φρονήσαιμῐ	φρονήσειᾰς, φρονήσαις	φρονήσειε(ν), φρονήσαι	φρονήσαιτον	φρονησαίτην	φρονήσαιμεν	φρονήσαιτε	φρονήσειᾰν, φρονήσαιεν
	imperative		φρόνησον	φρονησᾰ́τω	φρονήσᾰτον	φρονησᾰ́των		φρονήσᾰτε	φρονησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐφρονησᾰ́μην	ἐφρονήσω	ἐφρονήσᾰτο	ἐφρονήσᾰσθον	ἐφρονησᾰ́σθην	ἐφρονησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐφρονήσᾰσθε	ἐφρονήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	φρονήσωμαι	φρονήσῃ	φρονήσηται	φρονήσησθον	φρονήσησθον	φρονησώμεθᾰ	φρονήσησθε	φρονήσωνται
	optative	φρονησαίμην	φρονήσαιο	φρονήσαιτο	φρονήσαισθον	φρονησαίσθην	φρονησαίμεθᾰ	φρονήσαισθε	φρονήσαιντο
	imperative		φρόνησαι	φρονησᾰ́σθω	φρονήσᾰσθον	φρονησᾰ́σθων		φρονήσᾰσθε	φρονησᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		φρονῆσαι			φρονήσᾰσθαι
participle	m	φρονήσᾱς			φρονησᾰ́μενος
	f	φρονήσᾱσᾰ			φρονησᾰμένη
	n	φρονῆσᾰν			φρονησᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: πεφρόνηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πεφρόνηκᾰ	πεφρόνηκᾰς	πεφρόνηκε(ν)	πεφρονήκᾰτον	πεφρονήκᾰτον	πεφρονήκᾰμεν	πεφρονήκᾰτε	πεφρονήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πεφρονήκω	πεφρονήκῃς	πεφρονήκῃ	πεφρονήκητον	πεφρονήκητον	πεφρονήκωμεν	πεφρονήκητε	πεφρονήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεφρονήκοιμῐ, πεφρονηκοίην	πεφρονήκοις, πεφρονηκοίης	πεφρονήκοι, πεφρονηκοίη	πεφρονήκοιτον	πεφρονηκοίτην	πεφρονήκοιμεν	πεφρονήκοιτε	πεφρονήκοιεν
	imperative		πεφρόνηκε	πεφρονηκέτω	πεφρονήκετον	πεφρονηκέτων		πεφρονήκετε	πεφρονηκόντων
		active
infinitive		πεφρονηκέναι
participle	m	πεφρονηκώς
	f	πεφρονηκυῖᾰ
	n	πεφρονηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀλλοτριοφρονέω (allotriophronéō)
• ἀλλοφρονέω (allophronéō)
• ἀναφρονέω (anaphronéō)
• ἀντικαταφρονέω (antikataphronéō)
• ἀντιμεγαλοφρονέω (antimegalophronéō)
• ἀφρονέω (aphronéō)
• διαφρονέω (diaphronéō)
• διχοφρονέω (dikhophronéō)
• δολοφρονέων (dolophronéōn)
• ἐκφρονέω (ekphronéō)
• ἐμφρονέω (emphronéō)
• ἐπιφρονέω (epiphronéō)
• ἑτεροφρονέω (heterophronéō)
• εὐφρονέων (euphronéōn)
• ἐχεφρονέω (ekhephronéō)
• θεοφρονέω (theophronéō)
• κακοφρονέω (kakophronéō)
• καταφρονέω (kataphronéō)
• ματαιοφρονέω (mataiophronéō)
• μεγαλοφρονέω (megalophronéō)
• μετεωροφρονέω (meteōrophronéō)
• μετριοφρονέω (metriophronéō)
• ὀλοφρονέω (olophronéō)
• ὁμοφρονέω (homophronéō)
• παραιφρονέω (paraiphronéō)
• παραφρονέω (paraphronéō)
• περισσοφρονέω (perissophronéō)
• περιφρονέω (periphronéō)
• προσκαταφρονέω (proskataphronéō)
• σαοφρονέω (saophronéō)
• συμφρονέω (sumphronéō)
• συσσωφρονέω (sussōphronéō)
• σωφρονέω (sōphronéō)
• ταπεινοφρονέω (tapeinophronéō)
• ὑπερφρονέω (huperphronéō)
• ὑποκαταφρονέω (hupokataphronéō)
• ὑψηλοφρονέω (hupsēlophronéō)
• φρόνησις (phrónēsis)
• χαλιφρονέω (khaliphronéō)

 

Further reading

• “φρονέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φρονέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “φρονέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• φρονέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• φρονέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “φρονέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5426 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible