φοῖνιξ
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The etymology surrounding all senses remains somewhat unclear. The fact that the dye came exclusively from Phoenicia assures some connection. However, it is unclear if it comes from native Greek or is a Phoenician loanword. The relationship in the sense of "mythical bird" and Egyptian bnw (“phoenix, Bennu bird”) is clear, but some have argued for a Semitic source (possibly Phoenician), perhaps related to the "dye" sense and the bird's red plumage. It has been argued both that the name of the tree derives from the bird and vice versa; it may be significant that Egyptian bnw can also mean both a mythical bird and the fruit of the date tree. Regardless of the etymology, the word traces back to the Mycenaean era, as evidenced by 𐀡𐀛𐀐 (po-ni-ke) and 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀠 (po-ni-ki-pi) (most likely date palm). Compare Hebrew פֻּוָּ֕ה (puw·wā, “a clan's name”) and Arabic فُوَّه (fuwwah, “madder”), a plant whose root yields purple-red dye.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰôi̯.niks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰy.niks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸy.niks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfy.niks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfi.niks/
Noun
[edit]φοῖνῐξ • (phoînix) m (genitive φοίνῑκος); third declension
- purple or crimson
- palm tree
- date (the fruit of the date palm)
- (mythology) phoenix, the mythical bird derived from Egyptian mythology
- (music) A guitar-like instrument invented by the Phoenicians
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φοῖνῐξ ho phoînix |
τὼ φοίνῑκε tṑ phoínīke |
οἱ φοίνῑκες hoi phoínīkes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φοίνῑκος toû phoínīkos |
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν toîn phoinī́koin |
τῶν φοινῑ́κων tôn phoinī́kōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φοίνῑκῐ tôi phoínīki |
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν toîn phoinī́koin |
τοῖς φοίνῑξῐ / φοίνῑξῐν toîs phoínīxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φοίνῑκᾰ tòn phoínīka |
τὼ φοίνῑκε tṑ phoínīke |
τοὺς φοίνῑκᾰς toùs phoínīkas | ||||||||||
Vocative | φοῖνῐξ phoînix |
φοίνῑκε phoínīke |
φοίνῑκες phoínīkes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
[edit]- φοινῑ́κῐνος (phoinī́kinos)
- φοινῑκόπτερος (phoinīkópteros)
- φοινῑ́κουρος (phoinī́kouros)
- Φοινῑκοῦς (Phoinīkoûs)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: φοίνικας (foínikas)
- → Latin: phoenīx
- → Old Armenian: փիւնիկ (pʻiwnik), փիւնիկս (pʻiwniks), փիւնիկոս (pʻiwnikos), փիւնիքս (pʻiwnikʻs), փոնիքս (pʻonikʻs)
- → Old Georgian: ფჳნიქსი (pwiniksi)
Further reading
[edit]- “φοῖνιξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φοῖνιξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φοῖνιξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φοῖνιξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5404 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek properispomenon terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- grc:Mythological creatures
- grc:Musical instruments
- grc:Colors
- grc:Palm trees
- grc:Fruits