φάραγξ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἄσφαραγος (áspharagos)
σφάραγγες (spháranges)

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek, like σῆραγξ (sêranx) and φάλαγξ (phálanx). Furnée compares also μάραγοι (máragoi, “overhanging places”) and Spanish barranca (“ravine”). Mark the similar ending in the reconstructed root word for English avalanche, *labanka.

But compare the family of Latin forō, feriō and Armenian բերան (beran, “mouth, opening”), all from *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Compare also Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx) and Latin frūmen, both possibly from *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰá.raŋks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰa.raŋks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸa.raŋks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/

Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ά by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked.
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Noun

φᾰ́ρᾰγξ • (phắrănx) f (genitive φᾰ́ρᾰγγος); third declension

ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss

Declension

Third declension of ἡ φᾰ́ρᾰγξ; τῆς φᾰ́ρᾰγγος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ φᾰ́ρᾰγξ hē phắrănx	τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phắrănge	αἱ φᾰ́ρᾰγγες hai phắrănges
Genitive	τῆς φᾰ́ρᾰγγος tês phắrăngos	τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn phărắngoin	τῶν φᾰρᾰ́γγων tôn phărắngōn
Dative	τῇ φᾰ́ρᾰγγῐ têi phắrăngĭ	τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn phărắngoin	ταῖς φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐ / φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐν taîs phắrănxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰ tḕn phắrăngă	τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phắrănge	τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰς tā̀s phắrăngăs
Vocative	φᾰ́ρᾰγξ phắrănx	φᾰ́ρᾰγγε phắrănge	φᾰ́ρᾰγγες phắrănges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

φᾰρᾰγγαῖον (phărăngaîon)
φᾰρᾰ́γγῐον (phărắngĭon)
φᾰρᾰγγῑ́της (phărăngī́tēs)
φᾰρᾰγγόω (phărăngóō)
φᾰρᾰγγώδης (phărăngṓdēs)

Descendants

Greek: φαράγγι (farángi)