τυγχάνω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *tʰunkʰanō, from the nasal-infixed present *dʰu-n-gʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to hit, produce, yield”), whence also τεύχω (teúkhō, “produce”).[1]
The present stem τυγχάνω (tunkhánō) is a zero-grade form of the root with nasal infix and nasal suffix, like λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take”) and λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to do secretly”). The aorist stem ἔτυχον (étukhon) is zero-grade with no suffix, and ἐτύχησᾰ (etúkhēsa), and τετύχηκᾰ (tetúkhēka) are zero-grade with regular first-aorist and perfect suffixes. The future τεύξομαι (teúxomai) and perfect τέτευχᾰ (téteukha) and τέτευγμαι (téteugmai) are e-grade. Related to τεύχω (teúkhō), which is from a different present stem and with which it shares some forms.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tyŋ.kʰá.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tyŋˈkʰa.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tyŋˈxa.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tyŋˈxa.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tiŋˈxa.no/
Verb
[edit]τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō)
- Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be)
- (of events) to happen, occur [with dative ‘to someone’]
- (of a person) to happen [with participle ‘to do something’]
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.334–335:
- τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς
ἀνδρῶν Θεσπρωτῶν ἐς Δουλίχιον πολύπῡρον.- túkhēse gàr erkhoménē nēûs
andrôn Thesprōtôn es Doulíkhion polúpūron. - For a ship belonging to Thesprotian men happened to be going to Dulichium rich in grain.
- túkhēse gàr erkhoménē nēûs
- τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς
- to succeed [with participle or infinitive ‘at doing’]; to go successfully
Inflection
[edit]number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐτύγχᾰνον | ἐτύγχᾰνες | ἐτύγχᾰνε(ν) | ἐτυγχᾰ́νετον | ἐτυγχᾰνέτην | ἐτυγχᾰ́νομεν | ἐτυγχᾰ́νετε | ἐτύγχᾰνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐτυγχᾰνόμην | ἐτυγχᾰ́νου | ἐτυγχᾰ́νετο | ἐτυγχᾰ́νεσθον | ἐτυγχᾰνέσθην | ἐτυγχᾰνόμεθᾰ | ἐτυγχᾰ́νεσθε | ἐτυγχᾰ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | τεύξομαι | τεύξῃ, τεύξει |
τεύξεται | τεύξεσθον | τεύξεσθον | τευξόμεθᾰ | τεύξεσθε | τεύξονται | ||||
optative | τευξοίμην | τεύξοιο | τεύξοιτο | τεύξοισθον | τευξοίσθην | τευξοίμεθᾰ | τεύξοισθε | τεύξοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τεύξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τευξόμενος | |||||||||||
f | τευξομένη | ||||||||||||
n | τευξόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔτῠχον | ἔτῠχες | ἔτῠχε(ν) | ἐτῠ́χετον | ἐτῠχέτην | ἐτῠ́χομεν | ἐτῠ́χετε | ἔτῠχον | ||||
subjunctive | τῠ́χω | τῠ́χῃς | τῠ́χῃ | τῠ́χητον | τῠ́χητον | τῠ́χωμεν | τῠ́χητε | τῠ́χωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τῠ́χοιμῐ | τῠ́χοις | τῠ́χοι | τῠ́χοιτον | τῠχοίτην | τῠ́χοιμεν | τῠ́χοιτε | τῠ́χοιεν | |||||
imperative | τῠ́χε | τῠχέτω | τῠ́χετον | τῠχέτων | τῠ́χετε | τῠχόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐτῠχόμην | ἐτῠ́χου | ἐτῠ́χετο | ἐτῠ́χεσθον | ἐτῠχέσθην | ἐτῠχόμεθᾰ | ἐτῠ́χεσθε | ἐτῠ́χοντο | ||||
subjunctive | τῠ́χωμαι | τῠ́χῃ | τῠ́χηται | τῠ́χησθον | τῠ́χησθον | τῠχώμεθᾰ | τῠ́χησθε | τῠ́χωνται | |||||
optative | τῠχοίμην | τῠ́χοιο | τῠ́χοιτο | τῠ́χοισθον | τῠχοίσθην | τῠχοίμεθᾰ | τῠ́χοισθε | τῠ́χοιντο | |||||
imperative | τῠχοῦ | τῠχέσθω | τῠ́χεσθον | τῠχέσθων | τῠ́χεσθε | τῠχέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | τῠχεῖν | τῠχέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | τῠχών | τῠχόμενος | ||||||||||
f | τῠχοῦσᾰ | τῠχομένη | |||||||||||
n | τῠχόν | τῠχόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐτῠ́χησᾰ | ἐτῠ́χησᾰς | ἐτῠ́χησε(ν) | ἐτῠχήσᾰτον | ἐτῠχησᾰ́την | ἐτῠχήσᾰμεν | ἐτῠχήσᾰτε | ἐτῠ́χησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | τῠχήσω, τῠχήσωμῐ |
τῠχήσῃς, τῠχήσῃσθᾰ |
τῠχήσῃ, τῠχήσῃσῐ |
τῠχήσητον | τῠχήσητον | τῠχήσωμεν | τῠχήσητε | τῠχήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τῠχήσαιμῐ | τῠχήσαις, τῠχήσαισθᾰ, τῠχήσειᾰς |
τῠχήσειε(ν), τῠχήσαι |
τῠχησεῖτον | τῠχησείτην | τῠχησεῖμεν | τῠχησεῖτε | τῠχησεῖεν | |||||
imperative | τῠ́χησον | τῠχησᾰ́τω | τῠχήσᾰτον | τῠχησᾰ́των | τῠχήσᾰτε | τῠχησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τῠχῆσαι/τῠχησᾰ́μεν/τῠχησᾰμέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τῠχήσᾱς | |||||||||||
f | τῠχήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | τῠχῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | τετῠ́χηκᾰ | τετῠ́χηκᾰς | τετῠ́χηκε(ν) | τετῠχήκᾰτον | τετῠχήκᾰτον | τετῠχήκᾰμεν | τετῠχήκᾰτε | τετῠχήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | τετῠχήκω | τετῠχήκῃς | τετῠχήκῃ | τετῠχήκητον | τετῠχήκητον | τετῠχήκωμεν | τετῠχήκητε | τετῠχήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τετῠχήκοιμῐ, τετῠχηκοίην |
τετῠχήκοις, τετῠχηκοίης |
τετῠχήκοι, τετῠχηκοίη |
τετῠχήκοιτον | τετῠχηκοίτην | τετῠχήκοιμεν | τετῠχήκοιτε | τετῠχήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | τετῠ́χηκε | τετῠχηκέτω | τετῠχήκετον | τετῠχηκέτων | τετῠχήκετε | τετῠχηκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τετῠχηκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τετῠχηκώς | |||||||||||
f | τετῠχηκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | τετῠχηκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐτετεύχειν, ἐτετεύχη |
ἐτετεύχεις, ἐτετεύχης |
ἐτετεύχει(ν) | ἐτετεύχετον | ἐτετευχέτην | ἐτετεύχεμεν | ἐτετεύχετε | ἐτετεύχεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “succeed at doing”): ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀντιτυγχάνω (antitunkhánō)
- ἀποτυγχάνω (apotunkhánō)
- διατυγχάνω (diatunkhánō)
- ἐντυγχάνω (entunkhánō)
- ἐπιτυγχάνω (epitunkhánō)
- κατατυγχάνω (katatunkhánō)
- κατεντυγχάνω (katentunkhánō)
- παρατυγχάνω (paratunkhánō)
- παρεντυγχάνω (parentunkhánō)
- περιτυγχάνω (peritunkhánō)
- προαποτυγχάνω (proapotunkhánō)
- προεντυγχάνω (proentunkhánō)
- προσεντυγχάνω (prosentunkhánō)
- προσεπιτυγχάνω (prosepitunkhánō)
- προστυγχάνω (prostunkhánō)
- προτυγχάνω (protunkhánō)
- συμπαρατυγχάνω (sumparatunkhánō)
- συμπεριτυγχάνω (sumperitunkhánō)
- συντυγχάνω (suntunkhánō)
- ὑπερεντυγχάνω (huperentunkhánō)
- ὑποτυγχάνω (hupotunkhánō)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: τυχαίνω (tychaíno)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τυγχάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1515-6
Further reading
[edit]- “τυγχάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τυγχάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “τυγχάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- τυγχάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- τυγχάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “τυγχάνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5177 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewgʰ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations