ταχύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʰ-ú-s, zero-grade u-stem of *dʰengʰ- (“to go quickly”), based on the comparison with Lithuanian déngti (“to run, hurry”) (see there for more potential cognates), though Fraenkel has disputed the connection.

Not related to Sanskrit तकु (taku), तक्व (takva, “quick, fast”), as Ancient Greek χ (kh) does not match Sanskrit क् (k), and the comparative θάσσων (thássōn) proves that the Greek τ (t) in ταχύς (takhús) is originally θ (th), from the aspirated PIE *dʰ (see Grassmann's law).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ta.kʰýs/ → /taˈçys/ → /taˈçis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ta.kʰýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /taˈkʰys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /taˈçys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /taˈçys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /taˈçis/

Adjective

τᾰχῠ́ς • (tăkhŭ́s) m (feminine τᾰχεῖᾰ, neuter τᾰχῠ́); first/third declension

1. swift, quick, fast, rapid
2. In a short time: soon

Declension

First and third declension of τᾰχῠ́ς; τᾰχεῖᾰ; τᾰχῠ́ (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τᾰχῠ́ς tăkhŭ́s	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε tăkhée	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε tăkhée		τᾰχεῖς tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Genitive		τᾰχέος tăkhéos	τᾰχείᾱς tăkheíās	τᾰχέος tăkhéos		τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin	τᾰχείαιν tăkheíain	τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin		τᾰχέων tăkhéōn	τᾰχειῶν tăkheiôn	τᾰχέων tăkhéōn
Dative		τᾰχεῖ tăkheî	τᾰχείᾳ tăkheíāi	τᾰχεῖ tăkheî		τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin	τᾰχείαιν tăkheíain	τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin		τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν tăkhésĭ(n)	τᾰχείαις tăkheíais	τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν tăkhésĭ(n)
Accusative		τᾰχῠ́ν tăkhŭ́n	τᾰχεῖᾰν tăkheîăn	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε tăkhée	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε tăkhée		τᾰχεῖς tăkheîs	τᾰχείᾱς tăkheíās	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Vocative		τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε tăkhée	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε tăkhée		τᾰχεῖς tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τᾰχέως tăkhéōs				τᾰχύτερος / θᾱ́σσων / τᾰχῐ́ων tăkhúteros / thā́ssōn / tăkhĭ́ōn				τᾰχῠ́τᾰτος / τᾰ́χῐστος tăkhŭ́tătos / tắkhĭstos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of τᾰχῠ́ς; τᾰχεῖᾰ; τᾰχῠ́ (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τᾰχῠ́ς tăkhŭ́s	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε tăkhée	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε tăkhée		τᾰχέες tăkhées	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Genitive		τᾰχέος tăkhéos	τᾰχείης tăkheíēs	τᾰχέος tăkhéos		τᾰχέοιῐν tăkhéoiĭn	τᾰχείαιν / τᾰχείαιῐν / τᾰχείῃῐν tăkheíai(ĭ)n / tăkheíēiĭn	τᾰχέοιῐν tăkhéoiĭn		τᾰχέων tăkhéōn	τᾰχειᾱ́ων / τᾰχειέ͜ων / τᾰχειῶν tăkheiā́ōn / tăkheié͜ōn / tăkheiôn	τᾰχέων tăkhéōn
Dative		τᾰχεῖ tăkheî	τᾰχείῃ tăkheíēi	τᾰχεῖ tăkheî		τᾰχέοιῐν tăkhéoiĭn	τᾰχείαιν / τᾰχείαιῐν / τᾰχείῃῐν tăkheíai(ĭ)n / tăkheíēiĭn	τᾰχέοιῐν tăkhéoiĭn		τᾰχέεσσῐ / τᾰχέεσσῐν / τᾰχέεσῐ / τᾰχέεσῐν / τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν tăkhéessĭ(n) / tăkhéesĭ(n) / tăkhésĭ(n)	τᾰχείῃσῐ / τᾰχείῃσῐν / τᾰχείῃς / τᾰχείαις tăkheíēisĭ(n) / tăkheíēis / tăkheíais	τᾰχέεσσῐ / τᾰχέεσσῐν / τᾰχέεσῐ / τᾰχέεσῐν / τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν tăkhéessĭ(n) / tăkhéesĭ(n) / tăkhésĭ(n)
Accusative		τᾰχῠ́ν tăkhŭ́n	τᾰχεῖᾰν tăkheîăn	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε tăkhée	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε tăkhée		τᾰχέᾰς tăkhéăs	τᾰχείᾱς tăkheíās	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Vocative		τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε tăkhée	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε tăkhée		τᾰχέες tăkhées	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τᾰχέως tăkhéōs				θᾱ́σσων thā́ssōn				τᾰ́χῐστος tắkhĭstos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Synonyms

• ὠκύς (ōkús)

Antonyms

• βραδύς (bradús, “slow”)

Coordinate terms

• θᾱ́σσων (thā́ssōn, “faster”)

Derived terms

• ταχέως (takhéōs)
• τᾰχῠθᾰ́νᾰτος (tăkhŭthắnătos)
• ταχύπους (takhúpous)
• ταχύπωλος (takhúpōlos)
• ταχυτής (takhutḗs)

Descendants

• → English: tachy- (learned)

Further reading

• “ταχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ταχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ταχύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ταχύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ταχύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ταχύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5036 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • expeditious idem, page 293.
  • express idem, page 295.
  • fleet idem, page 327.
  • hasty idem, page 387.
  • headlong idem, page 391.
  • hurried idem, page 411.
  • nimble idem, page 558.
  • quick idem, page 665.
  • rapid idem, page 672.
  • sharp idem, page 762.
  • speedy idem, page 801.
  • swift idem, page 848.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús).

Adjective

ταχύς • (tachýs) m (feminine ταχεία, neuter ταχύ)

1. fast, rapid

   Synonym: αλματώδης (almatódis)

2. sudden

Declension

Declension of ταχύς

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ταχύς (tachýs)	ταχεία (tacheía)	ταχύ (tachý)		ταχείς (tacheís)	ταχείες (tacheíes)	ταχέα (tachéa)
genitive	ταχέος (tachéos) ταχύ (tachý)	ταχείας (tacheías)	ταχύ (tachý) ταχέος (tachéos)		ταχέων (tachéon)	ταχειών (tacheión)	ταχέων (tachéon)
accusative	ταχύ (tachý)	ταχεία (tacheía)	ταχύ (tachý)		ταχείς (tacheís)	ταχείες (tacheíes)	ταχέα (tachéa)
vocative	ταχύ (tachý)	ταχεία (tacheía)	ταχύ (tachý)		ταχείς (tacheís)	ταχείες (tacheíes)	ταχέα (tachéa)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ταχύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ταχύς, etc.)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

comparative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative ταχύτερος (tachýteros) ταχύτερη (tachýteri) ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτεροι (tachýteroi) ταχύτερες (tachýteres) ταχύτερα (tachýtera) genitive ταχύτερου (tachýterou) ταχύτερης (tachýteris) ταχύτερου (tachýterou) ταχύτερων (tachýteron) ταχύτερων (tachýteron) ταχύτερων (tachýteron) accusative ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτερη (tachýteri) ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτερους (tachýterous) ταχύτερες (tachýteres) ταχύτερα (tachýtera) vocative ταχύτερε (tachýtere) ταχύτερη (tachýteri) ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτεροι (tachýteroi) ταχύτερες (tachýteres) ταχύτερα (tachýtera) Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο ταχύτερος", etc) absolute superlative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative ταχύτατος (tachýtatos) ταχύτατη (tachýtati) ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατοι (tachýtatoi) ταχύτατες (tachýtates) ταχύτατα (tachýtata) genitive ταχύτατου (tachýtatou) ταχύτατης (tachýtatis) ταχύτατου (tachýtatou) ταχύτατων (tachýtaton) ταχύτατων (tachýtaton) ταχύτατων (tachýtaton) accusative ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατη (tachýtati) ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατους (tachýtatous) ταχύτατες (tachýtates) ταχύτατα (tachýtata) vocative ταχύτατε (tachýtate) ταχύτατη (tachýtati) ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατοι (tachýtatoi) ταχύτατες (tachýtates) ταχύτατα (tachýtata)

Related terms

• ισοταχής (isotachís, “of equal speed”, adjective)
• ταχέως (tachéos, adverb)
• ταχύτητα f (tachýtita, “speed”)