τάριχος

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tá.riː.kʰos/ → /ˈta.ri.xos/ → /ˈta.ri.xos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tá.riː.kʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈta.ri.kʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈta.ri.xos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈta.ri.xos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈta.ri.xos/

Etymology 1

According to Lagarde, borrowed from an Old Armenian predecessor of Middle Armenian տարեխ (tarex, “Van fish”), which would correspond to the famous export of salted Van fish from Armenia, but the borrowing is rather in the opposite direction because the Armenian term is late and sporadically used; besides the meaning appears more general in Greek. However it can still be of Anatolian – according to Beekes Pre-Greek – origin and has been put together by Puhvel with the Homeric Ancient Greek ταρχύω (tarkhúō, “to bury like a god or hero”) used for the Lycian last rites, Hesychian ταρχάνιον (tarkhánion, “funeral feast”), τέρχανον (térkhanon), τάρχανον (tárkhanon, “grief”) and connected to Lycian [script needed] (trqqas /⁠*tarḫants⁠/, “god”), Milyan [script needed] (trqqiz /⁠*tarḫints⁠/, “god”), Luwian [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (tarḫu(nt), “the storm-god”); a mummy would be a dead-body preserved for or reserved for the gods.

Alternative forms

• τᾰ́ρῑχον (tắrīkhon)

Noun

τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tắrīkhos) m (genitive τᾰρῑ́χου); second declension
τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tắrīkhos) n (genitive τᾰρῑ́χεος or τᾰρῑ́χους); third declension

1. dead body preserved by embalming, mummy

   Synonym: σκελετός (skeletós)

2. meat preserved by salting, pickling, drying, or smoking, especially dried or smoked fish
3. (figuratively, of a stupid fellow) a stockfish

Declension

Second declension of ὁ τᾰ́ρῑχος; τοῦ τᾰρῑ́χου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ τᾰ́ρῑχος ho tắrīkhos	τὼ τᾰρῑ́χω tṑ tărī́khō	οἱ τᾰ́ρῑχοι hoi tắrīkhoi
Genitive	τοῦ τᾰρῑ́χου toû tărī́khou	τοῖν τᾰρῑ́χοιν toîn tărī́khoin	τῶν τᾰρῑ́χων tôn tărī́khōn
Dative	τῷ τᾰρῑ́χῳ tôi tărī́khōi	τοῖν τᾰρῑ́χοιν toîn tărī́khoin	τοῖς τᾰρῑ́χοις toîs tărī́khois
Accusative	τὸν τᾰ́ρῑχον tòn tắrīkhon	τὼ τᾰρῑ́χω tṑ tărī́khō	τοὺς τᾰρῑ́χους toùs tărī́khous
Vocative	τᾰ́ρῑχε tắrīkhe	τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō	τᾰ́ρῑχοι tắrīkhoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ τᾰ́ρῑχος; τοῦ τᾰρῑ́χους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τᾰ́ρῑχος tò tắrīkhos	τὼ τᾰρῑ́χει tṑ tărī́khei	τᾰ̀ τᾰρῑ́χη tằ tărī́khē
Genitive	τοῦ τᾰρῑ́χους toû tărī́khous	τοῖν τᾰρῑχοῖν toîn tărīkhoîn	τῶν τᾰρῑχῶν tôn tărīkhôn
Dative	τῷ τᾰρῑ́χει tôi tărī́khei	τοῖν τᾰρῑχοῖν toîn tărīkhoîn	τοῖς τᾰρῑ́χεσῐ / τᾰρῑ́χεσῐν toîs tărī́khesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ τᾰ́ρῑχος tò tắrīkhos	τὼ τᾰρῑ́χει tṑ tărī́khei	τᾰ̀ τᾰρῑ́χη tằ tărī́khē
Vocative	τᾰ́ρῑχος tắrīkhos	τᾰρῑ́χει tărī́khei	τᾰρῑ́χη tărī́khē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Ταριχᾶνες (Tarikhânes)
• ταριχᾶς (tarikhâs)
• ταριχεία (tarikheía)
• ταριχεῖον (tarikheîon)
• ταριχέλαιον (tarikhélaion)
• ταριχέμπορος (tarikhémporos)
• ταριχεύς (tarikheús)
• ταρίχευσις (taríkheusis)
• ταριχευτήρ (tarikheutḗr)
• ταριχευτής (tarikheutḗs)
• ταριχευτικός (tarikheutikós)
• ταριχευτός (tarikheutós)
• ταριχεύω (tarikheúō)
• ταριχηγός (tarikhēgós)
• ταριχηΐη (tarikhēḯē)
• ταριχηρός (tarikhērós)
• ταρίχιον (taríkhion)
• ταριχόπλεως (tarikhópleōs)
• ταριχοποιέω (tarikhopoiéō)
• ταριχοπράτισσα (tarikhoprátissa)
• ταριχοπωλέω (tarikhopōléō)
• ταριχοπώλης (tarikhopṓlēs)
• ταριχοπώλιον (tarikhopṓlion)
• ταριχοφαγία (tarikhophagía)
• ταριχώτης (tarikhṓtēs)

Descendants

• → Arabic: طِرِّيخ (ṭirrīḵ)
• → Classical Syriac: ܛܳܐܪܻܝܟܳܐ (ṭārīḵa), ܛܪܟܘܣ (ṭarḵōs)
• → Coptic: ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲣⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ (pitarikhion)
  • → Arabic: بُطَارِخ (buṭāriḵ), بَطْرَخ (baṭraḵ), بَطْرُوخ (baṭrūḵ) (see there for further descendants)
• → Latin: taricius, taricus, tarichus
• → Middle Armenian: տարեխ (tarex)
  • Armenian: տառեխ (taṙex)
    • → English: tarek
    • → Northern Kurdish: darex
    • → Russian: таре́х (taréx)
    • → Turkish: darık
• → Ottoman Turkish: ترخوس (tarhos), طرهوس (tarhos), طرخوز (tarhoz)

References

• “τάρῑχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տառեխ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 377ab
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 383
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 511, the Armenian translator did not use տառեխ (taṙex) when translating τεταριχευμένος (tetarikheuménos) in Eusebius' Chronicon, which means it did not exist in the Classical period
• Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 48 Nr. 121
• Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, page 150 Nr. 2205
• Lagarde, Paul de (1887) Mittheilungen (in German), volume 2, Göttingen: Dieterichsche Sortimentsbuchhandlung, pages 12–15
• Payne Margoliouth, Jessie (1927) Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P.‎^[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 241b, to Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 2731
• Petrosyan, Armen (2015) Problems of Armenian Prehistory. Myth, Language, History, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 118
• Puhvel, Jaan (1965) Werner Winter, editor, Evidence for Laryngeals (Janua Linguarum: Studia memoriae Nicolai van Wijk Dedicata. Series maior; XI), The Hague, London, Paris: Mouton & Co., pages 84–86

Etymology 2

Conversion of the former.

Adjective

τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tắrīkhos) m or f (neuter τᾰ́ρῑχον); second declension

1. Synonym of τᾰρῑχευτός (tărīkheutós, “salted, pickled”)
   • 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 12.6

Declension

Second declension of τᾰ́ρῑχος; τᾰ́ρῑχον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τᾰ́ρῑχος tắrīkhos	τᾰ́ρῑχον tắrīkhon		τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō	τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō		τᾰ́ρῑχοι tắrīkhoi	τᾰ́ρῑχᾰ tắrīkhă
Genitive		τᾰρῑ́χου tărī́khou	τᾰρῑ́χου tărī́khou		τᾰρῑ́χοιν tărī́khoin	τᾰρῑ́χοιν tărī́khoin		τᾰρῑ́χων tărī́khōn	τᾰρῑ́χων tărī́khōn
Dative		τᾰρῑ́χῳ tărī́khōi	τᾰρῑ́χῳ tărī́khōi		τᾰρῑ́χοιν tărī́khoin	τᾰρῑ́χοιν tărī́khoin		τᾰρῑ́χοις tărī́khois	τᾰρῑ́χοις tărī́khois
Accusative		τᾰ́ρῑχον tắrīkhon	τᾰ́ρῑχον tắrīkhon		τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō	τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō		τᾰρῑ́χους tărī́khous	τᾰ́ρῑχᾰ tắrīkhă
Vocative		τᾰ́ρῑχε tắrīkhe	τᾰ́ρῑχον tắrīkhon		τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō	τᾰρῑ́χω tărī́khō		τᾰ́ρῑχοι tắrīkhoi	τᾰ́ρῑχᾰ tắrīkhă
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		τᾰρῑ́χως tărī́khōs			τᾰρῑχότερος tărīkhóteros			τᾰρῑχότᾰτος tărīkhótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• “τάρῑχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press