τάργανον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σᾰργᾰ́νη (sargánē) — Attic

Etymology

Not well explained. Traditionally compared with στεργάνος (stergános, “place for dung”) and τρύξ (trúx, “lees of wine, dregs”). The difference in final velar makes comparison with the group of Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”) (like Latin torqueō (“I twist, wind”) and Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)) impossible. Expression for "turn" are often applied to drinks that have turned sour (compare τροπίας (tropías, “sour wine”)). Semantically, one may compare Dutch wrang (“astringent, tart”), to Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (wruggō, “snare”). According to Beekes, the variation τ/σ shows that the word is Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tár.ɡa.non/ → /ˈtar.ɣa.non/ → /ˈtar.ɣa.non/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tár.ɡa.non/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɡa.non/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/

Noun

τᾰ́ργᾰνον • (tárganon) n (genitive τᾰργᾰ́νου); second declension

1. vinegar

   Synonym: ὄξος (óxos)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον; τοῦ τᾰργᾰ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον tò tárganon	τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω tṑ targánō	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tà tárgana
Genitive	τοῦ τᾰργᾰ́νου toû targánou	τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν toîn targánoin	τῶν τᾰργᾰ́νων tôn targánōn
Dative	τῷ τᾰργᾰ́νῳ tôi targánōi	τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν toîn targánoin	τοῖς τᾰργᾰ́νοις toîs targánois
Accusative	τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον tò tárganon	τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω tṑ targánō	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tà tárgana
Vocative	τᾰ́ργᾰνον tárganon	τᾰργᾰ́νω targánō	τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tárgana
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• τᾰργᾰνόομαι (targanóomai)

Further reading

• “τάργανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• τάργανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN