τάργανον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σᾰργᾰ́νη (sărgắnē) — Attic

Etymology

Not well explained. Traditionally compared with στεργάνος (stergános, “place for dung”) and τρύξ (trúx, “lees of wine, dregs”). The difference in final velar makes comparison with the group of Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”) (like Latin torqueō (“I twist, wind”) and Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)) impossible. Expression for "turn" are often applied to drinks that have turned sour (compare τροπίας (tropías, “sour wine”)). Semantically, one may compare Dutch wrang (“astringent, tart”), to Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (wruggō, “snare”). According to Beekes, the variation τ/σ shows that the word is Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tár.ɡa.non/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɡa.non/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/

Noun

τᾰ́ργᾰνον • (tắrgănon) n (genitive τᾰργᾰ́νου); second declension

vinegar
Synonym: ὄξος (óxos)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον; τοῦ τᾰργᾰ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον tò tắrgănon	τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω tṑ tărgắnō	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tằ tắrgănă
Genitive	τοῦ τᾰργᾰ́νου toû tărgắnou	τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν toîn tărgắnoin	τῶν τᾰργᾰ́νων tôn tărgắnōn
Dative	τῷ τᾰργᾰ́νῳ tôi tărgắnōi	τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν toîn tărgắnoin	τοῖς τᾰργᾰ́νοις toîs tărgắnois
Accusative	τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον tò tắrgănon	τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω tṑ tărgắnō	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tằ tắrgănă
Vocative	τᾰ́ργᾰνον tắrgănon	τᾰργᾰ́νω tărgắnō	τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tắrgănă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

τᾰργᾰνόομαι (tărgănóomai)