τάρβος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Cognate to Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, revile”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”) and Welsh tarfu (“to scare away”).

Furnée compares ταρμύσσω (tarmússō, “to frighten”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tár.bos/ → /ˈtar.βos/ → /ˈtar.vos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tár.bos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.bos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.βos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.vos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.vos/

Noun

τάρβος • (tárbos) n (genitive τάρβεος); third declension

1. alarm, terror, fright
2. awe, reverence

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ τᾰ́ρβος; τοῦ τᾰ́ρβεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τᾰ́ρβος tò tárbos	τὼ τᾰ́ρβεε tṑ tárbee	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ρβεᾰ tà tárbea
Genitive	τοῦ τᾰ́ρβεος toû tárbeos	τοῖν τᾰρβέοιν toîn tarbéoin	τῶν τᾰρβέων tôn tarbéōn
Dative	τῷ τᾰ́ρβεῐ̈ tôi tárbeï	τοῖν τᾰρβέοιν toîn tarbéoin	τοῖς τᾰ́ρβεσῐ / τᾰ́ρβεσῐν toîs tárbesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ τᾰ́ρβος tò tárbos	τὼ τᾰ́ρβεε tṑ tárbee	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ρβεᾰ tà tárbea
Vocative	τᾰ́ρβος tárbos	τᾰ́ρβεε tárbee	τᾰ́ρβεᾰ tárbea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ταρβοσύνη (tarbosúnē)
• ταρβόσυνος (tarbósunos)

 

Further reading

• “τάρβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τάρβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “τάρβος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τάρβος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN