πενθερός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-er-os, from *bʰendʰ- (“to tie; bond, band”) and formally almost completely agreeing with Lithuanian beñdras (“common, shared”); compare also Sanskrit बन्धु (bandhu, “relative, kindred”). The oxytone accentuation of this word is based on the model of ἑκυρός (hekurós, “father-in-law”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pen.tʰe.rós/ → /pen.θeˈros/ → /pen.θeˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pen.tʰe.rós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pen.tʰeˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pen.θeˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pen.θeˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /pen.θeˈros/

Noun

πενθερός • (pentherós) m (genitive πενθεροῦ); second declension

1. father-in-law

   Synonym: ἑκυρός (hekurós)

2. (in the plural) parents-in-law

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πενθερός; τοῦ πενθεροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πενθερός ho pentherós	τὼ πενθερώ tṑ pentherṓ	οἱ πενθεροί hoi pentheroí
Genitive	τοῦ πενθεροῦ toû pentheroû	τοῖν πενθεροῖν toîn pentheroîn	τῶν πενθερῶν tôn pentherôn
Dative	τῷ πενθερῷ tôi pentherôi	τοῖν πενθεροῖν toîn pentheroîn	τοῖς πενθεροῖς toîs pentheroîs
Accusative	τὸν πενθερόν tòn pentherón	τὼ πενθερώ tṑ pentherṓ	τοὺς πενθερούς toùs pentheroús
Vocative	πενθερέ pentheré	πενθερώ pentherṓ	πενθεροί pentheroí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πενθερά (pentherá)
• πενθερῐδεύς (pentherideús)
• πενθερῐκός (pentherikós)
• πενθέρῐος (penthérios)
• πενθεροκτόνος (pentheroktónos)
• πενθεροφθόρος (pentherophthóros)
• προπένθερος (propéntheros)

 

Descendants

• Greek: πεθερός (petherós)

Further reading

• “πενθερός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πενθερός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πενθερός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πενθερός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πενθερός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963

Greek

Noun

πενθερός • (pentherós) m (plural πενθεροί, feminine πενθερά)

1. Alternative form of πεθερός (petherós)

Declension

Declension of πενθερός

	singular	plural
nominative	πενθερός (pentherós)	πενθεροί (pentheroí)
genitive	πενθερού (pentheroú)	πενθερών (pentherón)
accusative	πενθερό (pentheró)	πενθερούς (pentheroús)
vocative	πενθερέ (pentheré)	πενθεροί (pentheroí)