νικάω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From νίκη (níkē) + -άω (-áō).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /niː.ká.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /niˈka.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /niˈka.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /niˈka.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /niˈka.o/
Verb
[edit]νῑκάω • (nīkáō)
- (intransitive) to win, be the winner, conquer
- Synonym: ἀριστεύω (aristeúō)
- to prevail, be superior
- (of opinions) to prevail
- (rare) to succeed [with infinitive ‘at doing’]
- Psalm.Solom 4.13
- (law) to win one's cause [with accusative ‘the cause’]
- (transitive) to conquer, vanquish, beat
Inflection
[edit] Present: νῑκᾰ́ω, νῑκᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | νῑκῶ | νῑκᾷς | νῑκᾷ | νῑκᾶτον | νῑκᾶτον | νῑκῶμεν | νῑκᾶτε | νῑκῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | νῑκῶ | νῑκᾷς | νῑκᾷ | νῑκᾶτον | νῑκᾶτον | νῑκῶμεν | νῑκᾶτε | νῑκῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | νῑκῴην, νῑκῷμῐ |
νῑκῴης, νῑκῷς |
νῑκῴη, νῑκῷ |
νῑκῷτον, νῑκῴητον |
νῑκῴτην, νῑκῳήτην |
νῑκῷμεν, νῑκῴημεν |
νῑκῷτε, νῑκῴητε |
νῑκῷεν, νῑκῴησᾰν | |||||
imperative | νῑ́κᾱ | νῑκᾱ́τω | νῑκᾶτον | νῑκᾱ́των | νῑκᾶτε | νῑκώντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | νῑκῶμαι | νῑκᾷ | νῑκᾶται | νῑκᾶσθον | νῑκᾶσθον | νῑκώμεθᾰ | νῑκᾶσθε | νῑκῶνται | ||||
subjunctive | νῑκῶμαι | νῑκᾷ | νῑκᾶται | νῑκᾶσθον | νῑκᾶσθον | νῑκώμεθᾰ | νῑκᾶσθε | νῑκῶνται | |||||
optative | νῑκῴμην | νῑκῷο | νῑκῷτο | νῑκῷσθον | νῑκῴσθην | νῑκῴμεθᾰ | νῑκῷσθε | νῑκῷντο | |||||
imperative | νῑκῶ | νῑκᾱ́σθω | νῑκᾶσθον | νῑκᾱ́σθων | νῑκᾶσθε | νῑκᾱ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | νῑκᾶν | νῑκᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | νῑκῶν | νῑκώμενος | ||||||||||
f | νῑκῶσᾰ | νῑκωμένη | |||||||||||
n | νῑκῶν | νῑκώμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνῑ́κᾰον | ἐνῑ́κᾰες | ἐνῑ́κᾰε(ν) | ἐνῑκᾰ́ετον | ἐνῑκᾰέτην | ἐνῑκᾰ́ομεν | ἐνῑκᾰ́ετε | ἐνῑ́κᾰον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐνῑκᾰόμην | ἐνῑκᾰ́ου | ἐνῑκᾰ́ετο | ἐνῑκᾰ́εσθον | ἐνῑκᾰέσθην | ἐνῑκᾰόμεθᾰ | ἐνῑκᾰ́εσθε | ἐνῑκᾰ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνῑ́κων | ἐνῑ́κᾱς | ἐνῑ́κᾱ | ἐνῑκᾶτον | ἐνῑκᾱ́την | ἐνῑκῶμεν | ἐνῑκᾶτε | ἐνῑ́κων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐνῑκώμην | ἐνῑκῶ | ἐνῑκᾶτο | ἐνῑκᾶσθον | ἐνῑκᾱ́σθην | ἐνῑκώμεθᾰ | ἐνῑκᾶσθε | ἐνῑκῶντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνῑ́κεον | ἐνῑ́κεες | ἐνῑ́κεε(ν) | ἐνῑκέετον | ἐνῑκεέτην | ἐνῑκέομεν | ἐνῑκέετε | ἐνῑ́κεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐνῑκεόμην | ἐνῑκέου | ἐνῑκέετο | ἐνῑκέεσθον | ἐνῑκεέσθην | ἐνῑκεόμεθᾰ | ἐνῑκέεσθε | ἐνῑκέοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνῑ́κευν | ἐνῑ́κεις | ἐνῑ́κει | ἐνῑκεῖτον | ἐνῑκείτην | ἐνῑκεῦμεν | ἐνῑκεῖτε | ἐνῑ́κευν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐνῑκεύμην | ἐνῑκεῦ | ἐνῑκεῖτο | ἐνῑκεῖσθον | ἐνῑκείσθην | ἐνῑκεύμεθᾰ | ἐνῑκεῖσθε | ἐνῑκεῦντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | νίκασκον | νίκασκες | νίκασκε(ν) | νικάσκετον | νικασκέτην | νικάσκομεν | νικάσκετε | νίκασκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | νικασκόμην | νικάσκου | νικάσκετο | νικάσκεσθον | νικασκέσθην | νικασκόμε(σ)θᾰ | νικάσκεσθε | νικάσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | νῑκάξω | νῑκάξεις | νῑκάξει | νῑκάξετον | νῑκάξετον | νῑκάξομες | νῑκάξετε | νῑκάξοντῐ | ||||
optative | νῑκάξοιμῐ | νῑκάξοις | νῑκάξοι | νῑκάξοιτον | νῑκαξοίτᾱν | νῑκάξοιμες | νῑκάξοιτε | νῑκάξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | νῑκάξομαι | νῑκάξεαι | νῑκάξεται | νῑκάξεσθον | νῑκάξεσθον | νῑκαξόμεθᾰ | νῑκάξεσθε | νῑκάξονται | ||||
optative | νῑκαξοίμᾱν | νῑκάξοιο | νῑκάξοιτο | νῑκάξοισθον | νῑκαξοίσθᾱν | νῑκαξοίμεθᾰ | νῑκάξοισθε | νῑκάξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | νῑκᾶξεν | νῑκάξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | νῑκάξων | νῑκαξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | νῑκάξουσᾰ | νῑκαξομένᾱ | |||||||||||
n | νῑκᾶξον | νῑκαξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: νενῑ́κηκᾰ, νενῑ́κημαι
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νῑ́κη (> DER > Probably denominative νικάω)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1021-2
Further reading
[edit]- “νικάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “νικάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “νικάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- νικάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “νικάω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3528 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- νικάω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- νικώ (nikó) (slightly more formal)
Etymology
[edit]From νικώ (nikó) + -άω, from Ancient Greek νικῶ (nikô), contracted form of νικάω (nikáō). From νίκη f (níkē, “victory”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]νικάω • (nikáo) / νικώ (imperfect νικούσα/νίκαγα, past νίκησα, passive νικιέμαι, p‑past νικήθηκα, ppp νικημένος)
Conjugation
[edit]νικάω / νικώ, νικιέμαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | νικάω, νικώ | νικήσω | νικιέμαι | νικηθώ |
2 sg | νικάς | νικήσεις | νικιέσαι | νικηθείς |
3 sg | νικάει, νικά | νικήσει | νικιέται | νικηθεί |
1 pl | νικάμε, νικούμε | νικήσουμε, [‑ομε] | νικιόμαστε | νικηθούμε |
2 pl | νικάτε | νικήσετε | νικιέστε, (‑ιόσαστε) | νικηθείτε |
3 pl | νικάνε, νικάν, νικούν(ε) | νικήσουν(ε) | νικιούνται, (‑ιόνται) | νικηθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | νικούσα, νίκαγα | νίκησα | νικιόμουν(α) | νικήθηκα |
2 sg | νικούσες, νίκαγες | νίκησες | νικιόσουν(α) | νικήθηκες |
3 sg | νικούσε, νίκαγε | νίκησε | νικιόταν(ε) | νικήθηκε |
1 pl | νικούσαμε, νικάγαμε | νικήσαμε | νικιόμασταν, (‑ιόμαστε) | νικηθήκαμε |
2 pl | νικούσατε, νικάγατε | νικήσατε | νικιόσασταν, (‑ιόσαστε) | νικηθήκατε |
3 pl | νικούσαν(ε), νίκαγαν, (νικάγανε) | νίκησαν, νικήσαν(ε) | νικιόνταν(ε), νικιόντουσαν, νικιούνταν | νικήθηκαν, νικηθήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα νικάω, θα νικώ ➤ | θα νικήσω ➤ | θα νικιέμαι ➤ | θα νικηθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα νικάς, … | θα νικήσεις, … | θα νικιέσαι, … | θα νικηθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … νικήσει έχω, έχεις, … νικημένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … νικηθεί είμαι, είσαι, … νικημένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … νικήσει είχα, είχες, … νικημένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … νικηθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … νικημένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … νικήσει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … νικημένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … νικηθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … νικημένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | νίκα, νίκαγε | νίκησε, νίκα | — | νικήσου |
2 pl | νικάτε | νικήστε | νικιέστε | νικηθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | νικώντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας νικήσει ➤ | νικημένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | νικήσει | νικηθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- κερδίζω (kerdízo)
Related terms
[edit]- see: νίκη f (níki, “victory”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άω
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with rare senses
- grc:Law
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- grc:War
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'αγαπάω-αγαπώ'