μάραθον

See also: Μαραθών

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μάραθρον (márathron)

Etymology

Probably a Pre-Greek loan of foreign origin. The old connection with Swedish mjärde (“fish-trap”) is to be rejected when considering the phonetics of Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (ma-ra-tu-wo).^[1] Compare Albanian maraj.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /má.ra.tʰon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.tʰon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.θon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.θon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ra.θon/

Noun

μᾰ́ρᾰθον • (mắrăthon) n (genitive μᾰρᾰ́θου); second declension

fennel

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον; τοῦ μᾰρᾰ́θου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον tò mắrăthon	τὼ μᾰρᾰ́θω tṑ mărắthō	τᾰ̀ μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ tằ mắrăthă
Genitive	τοῦ μᾰρᾰ́θου toû mărắthou	τοῖν μᾰρᾰ́θοιν toîn mărắthoin	τῶν μᾰρᾰ́θων tôn mărắthōn
Dative	τῷ μᾰρᾰ́θῳ tôi mărắthōi	τοῖν μᾰρᾰ́θοιν toîn mărắthoin	τοῖς μᾰρᾰ́θοις toîs mărắthois
Accusative	τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον tò mắrăthon	τὼ μᾰρᾰ́θω tṑ mărắthō	τᾰ̀ μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ tằ mắrăthă
Vocative	μᾰ́ρᾰθον mắrăthon	μᾰρᾰ́θω mărắthō	μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ mắrăthă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. The Greek Word Study Tool at Perseus gives μαραθών as the genitive plural

Derived terms

ἱππομάραθον (hippomárathon)
Μαραθών (Marathṓn) (unless folk etymology)

Descendants

→? Proto-Albanian:
- Albanian: maraj
> Greek: μάραθο (máratho) (inherited)
→ Latin: marathrum, marathum, maratum
- >? Romanian: mărar
- →? Old Church Slavonic: молотрь (molotrĭ)
- >? Dalmatian:
  - → Serbo-Croatian: mȍtar (“sea fennel”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάραθον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 903-4

“μάραθον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“μάραθον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
μάραθον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- fennel idem, page 315.
μάραθον, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάραθον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 903-4

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