Μαραθών

See also: μάραθων and μαράθων

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Strabo, from μάραθον (márathon, “fennel”), referring to the prevalence of the plant in the area.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ma.ra.tʰɔ̌ːn/ → /ma.raˈθon/ → /ma.raˈθon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ma.ra.tʰɔ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ma.raˈtʰon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ma.raˈθon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ma.raˈθon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ma.raˈθon/

Proper noun

Μᾰρᾰθών • (Marathṓn) m (genitive Μᾰρᾰθῶνος); third declension

1. Marathon, Attica, Greece
   • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 3.4.9
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 13.110

Usage notes

The word is used with a feminine article in Pindar.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ Μᾰρᾰθών; τοῦ Μᾰρᾰθῶνος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Μᾰρᾰθών ho Marathṓn
Genitive	τοῦ Μᾰρᾰθῶνος toû Marathônos
Dative	τῷ Μᾰρᾰθῶνῐ tôi Marathôni
Accusative	τὸν Μᾰρᾰθῶνᾰ tòn Marathôna
Vocative	Μᾰρᾰθών Marathṓn
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Μαραθῶνάδε (Marathônáde)
• Μαραθῶνι (Marathôni)
• Μαραθώνιος (Marathṓnios)
• Μαραθωνόθεν (Marathōnóthen)

Descendants

• → French: marathon (learned)
  • → Arabic: مَارَاثُون (mārāṯūn)
  • → Czech: maraton, maratón, marathon
  • → Danish: maraton, marathon (nonstandard)
  • → Dutch: marathon
    • → Papiamentu: máratòn
  • → English: marathon
    • → Bengali: ম্যারাথন (mêrathon)
    • → Chinese: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mǎlāsōng)
      • → Zhuang: majlahsungh

      Mandarin: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mǎlāsōng), 马拉松 (mǎlāsōng)

    • → Gujarati: મેરેથોન (merethon)
    • → Hindi: मैराथन (mairāthan)
    • → Japanese: マラソン (marason)
      • → Hakka: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mà-la-sóng)
    • → Korean: 마라톤 (maraton)
    • → Swahili: marathoni
  • → Finnish: maraton
  • → German: Marathon
  • → Greek: μαραθώνιος (marathónios) (calque)
  • → Hebrew: מָרָתוֹן (maraton)
  • → Hungarian: maraton
  • → Latvian: maratons
  • → Lithuanian: maratonas
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: maraton
  • → Polish: maraton
  • → Romanian: maraton
  • → Serbo-Croatian: mȁratōn
  • → Swedish: maraton
  • → Turkish: maraton
  • → Vietnamese: ma-ra-tông
• Greek: Μαραθών (Marathón), Μαραθώνας (Marathónas)
• Latin: Marathon

References

• “Μαραθών”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Μαραθών”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “Μαραθών”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “Μαραθών”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,016