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κλάδος

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *klə́dos, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥d-o-s (piece of wood), which is traditionally linked to *kelh₂- (to break). Often compared with Proto-Slavic *kòlda (block, log) and Proto-Germanic *hultą (wood). Beekes is skeptical enough of Indo-European origin and particularly the connection of the reconstructed root to *kelh₂- to suggest a Pre-Greek origin, though not skeptical enough to reject an Indo-European origin entirely.[1]

Other potential cognates include Latin clādes, Old Irish caill, Macedonian клада (klada).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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κλᾰ́δος (kládosm (genitive κλᾰ́δου); second declension

  1. (botany) young slip or shoot of a tree, such as is broken off for grafting
  2. olive-branch which was wound round with wool and presented by suppliants
  3. laurel branches used in temples
  4. (anatomy) branch of a blood vessel
  5. (figuratively) arm

Inflection

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The second declension is much more common, but the third is seen, especially in poetic works.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • English: clade
  • Greek: κλάδος (kládos) (learned)
  • New Latin: cladus

References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλάδος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 708-9

Further reading

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Greek

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Etymology

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Learnedly, borrowed from the Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos). The figurative and scientific senses, semantic loan from French branche and rameau.[1] Also see the inherited doublets κλαδί (kladí) and κλαρί (klarí). Possibly related to ὀκλαδόν (okladón).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkla.ðos/
  • Hyphenation: κλά‧δος

Noun

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κλάδος (kládosm (plural κλάδοι)

  1. (horticulture, formal) branch, bough
    Synonyms: κλαδί (kladí), κλαρί (klarí) (informal)
    Όλοι οι μεγάλοι κλάδοι που καταστρέφουν το σχήμα του δέντρου αφαιρούνται.
    Óloi oi megáloi kládoi pou katastréfoun to schíma tou déntrou afairoúntai.
    All the large branches that destroy the shape of the tree are removed.
  2. (figuratively) branch of organisation
  3. (biology) clade
  4. (domain) industry
    Ο τουριστικός κλάδος θα χρειαστεί χρόνο για να ανακάμψει.
    O touristikós kládos tha chreiasteí chróno gia na anakámpsei.
    The tourism industry will need time to recover.

Declension

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Declension of κλάδος
singular plural
nominative κλάδος (kládos) κλάδοι (kládoi)
genitive κλάδου (kládou) κλάδων (kládon)
accusative κλάδο (kládo) κλάδους (kládous)
vocative κλάδε (kláde) κλάδοι (kládoi)
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References

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  1. ^ κλάδος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language