κάνναβις
Ancient Greek
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]- κάνναβος (kánnabos)
Etymology
[edit]A Kulturwort or Wanderwort of unknown ultimate origin:
- perhaps Scythian or Thracian[1] (according to a remark made by Herodotus, that Scythians and Thracians knew the plant[2])
- or possibly “belonging to the pre-Indo-European agricultural layer”.[3] A proposal going back to Schrader derives the word from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kana-pis: compare Eastern Mari кыне́ (kyńé), Western Mari кӹне (kÿńe, “hemp”) and Komi-Permyak пыш (pyš), Udmurt пыш (pyš, “hemp”),[4][5] but Finno-Ugricists deny the existence of such a compound.[6]
Compare (within the Indo-European language family) Albanian kërp, Old Armenian կանեփ (kanepʻ), կանափ (kanapʻ),[7] Proto-Slavic *konopь,[2][6] Lithuanian kanãpė, Latvian kaņepe, Old Prussian knapios, Proto-Germanic *hanapiz (> English hemp),[3] Middle Persian [script needed] (kʾnb /kā̆naβ/), Persian کنب (kanab), کنو (kanav), کنف (kanaf, “kenaf”),[8] Northern Kurdish kinif,[9] Sogdian [script needed] (kynpʾ /kēnapā/),[10] Khwarezmian [script needed] (knb-ynk), Ossetian гӕн (gæn), гӕнӕ (gænæ), Khotanese 𐨐𐨎𐨱 (kaṃha), 𐨐𐨂𐨎𐨦𐨌 (kuṃbā),[11] Wakhi kəm,[12] perhaps also to Sanskrit शण (śaṇá), Middle Persian [script needed] (šn' /šan/), the satem variants of the same etymon, and to Sanskrit भाङ्ग (bhāṅga), Persian بنگ (bang), the reverse forms of it (due to a taboo).
Compare further Sumerian [script needed] (kunibu),[1] Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍 (qunnabu, qunappu, qun(u)bu), Classical Syriac ܩܢܦܐ (qnpʾ),[3] Arabic قِنَّب (qinnab), Georgian კანაფი (ḳanapi), Svan ქან (kan), Mingrelian კიფი (ḳipi), Laz კერფი (ǩerpi), Adyghe кӏэп (kʼɛp), Kabardian щӏэп (śʼɛp), Abkhaz ақәны (akʷnə), Eastern Mari кыне (kyńe), Karakalpak [script needed] (kenep), Turkish kendir. The interrelationship of all these forms is disputed.
More at Etymology of cannabis.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kán.na.bis/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkan.na.bis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkan.na.βis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkan.na.vis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈka.na.vis/
Noun
[edit]κάννᾰβῐς • (kánnabis) f (genitive καννάβῐος or καννάβεως or καννάβῐδος); third declension
- (uncountable) hemp (Cannabis sativa)
- Synonym: θᾰλᾰσσαίγλη (thalassaíglē)
- (countable) hemp seed
Declension
[edit]| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ κάνναβῐς hē kánnabis | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς καννάβῐος / καννάβεως tês kannábios / kannábeōs | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ καννάβει têi kannábei | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν κάνναβῐν tḕn kánnabin | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | κάνναβῐ kánnabi | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ κάνναβῐς hē kánnabis |
αἱ καννάβῐδες hai kannábides | |||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς καννάβῐδος tês kannábidos |
τῶν κανναβῐ́δων tôn kannabídōn | |||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ καννάβῐδῐ têi kannábidi |
ταῖς καννάβῐσῐ / καννάβῐσῐν taîs kannábisi(n) | |||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν καννάβῐδᾰ tḕn kannábida |
τᾱ̀ς καννάβῐδᾰς tā̀s kannábidas | |||||||||||
| Vocative | κάνναβῐς kánnabis |
καννάβῐδες kannábides | |||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- κανναβάριος (kannabários)
- καννάβινος (kannábinos)
- καννάβιον (kannábion)
- κανναβίς (kannabís)
- κανναβισθῆναι (kannabisthênai)
- κανναβίσκα (kannabíska)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: κάνναβη (kánnavi)
- → Aromanian: cãnavi
- → Latin: cannabis, cannaba, cannabum, cannabus, canapa, canapis, canapus, canava, canva (Late Latin, Vulgar Latin) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάνναβις”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 636-7
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “конопля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “hanipa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Schrader, Otto (1901) Reallexikon der indogermanischen Altertumskunde: Grundzüge einer Kultur- und Völkergeschichte Alteuropas (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, page 331
- ^ Berneker, Erich (1908–1913) Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 559
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Trubachyov, Oleg et al., editors (1974–2021), “188”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 10
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կանեփ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 513ab
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 218–220
- ^ Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 552–553
- ^ Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 512–513
- ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 51–52, 62
- ^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 216
Further reading
[edit]- “κάνναβις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κάνναβις ἥμερος – Cannabis sativa”, in Dioscórides Interactivo[2] (in Spanish), 2024
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Scythian languages
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Thracian
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek uncountable nouns
- Ancient Greek countable nouns
- grc:Rosales order plants