βαρύτης

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s, “heavy”) +‎ -της (-tēs).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ba.rý.tɛːs/ → /βaˈry.tis/ → /vaˈri.tis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.rý.tɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /baˈry.te̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βaˈry.tis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /vaˈry.tis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /vaˈri.tis/

Noun

βᾰρῠ́της • (bărŭ́tēs) f (genitive βᾰρῠ́τητος); third declension

1. weight, heaviness
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.62.2
   • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.51.9
   • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 5.3.1
   1. heaviness of limb
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.978c
   2. (of digestion)
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 128b
2. (of men) troublesomeness, importunity
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 12.31
   1. disagreeableness
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 18.35
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Coriolanus 30
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cato the Younger 57.1
3. arrogance
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.17
   1. gravity
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Fab.I
4. (of sound) depth, low pitch
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 316a
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 5.1.778a19
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On the Soul Β.11.2.422b30
   • 400 BCE – 250 BCE, Aristoxenus, Harm. p.3M.
   • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Arrangement of Words 11
   1. (grammar) the grave accent
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1456b33
      1. absence of accent
         • 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 38.15
5. (rhetoric) adoption of an injured tone
   • Aps. p.331.H.

Declension

Third declension of ἡ βᾰρῠ́της; τῆς βᾰρῠ́τητος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ βᾰρῠ́της hē bărŭ́tēs	τὼ βᾰρῠ́τητε tṑ bărŭ́tēte	αἱ βᾰρῠ́τητες hai bărŭ́tētes
Genitive	τῆς βᾰρῠ́τητος tês bărŭ́tētos	τοῖν βᾰρῠτήτοιν toîn bărŭtḗtoin	τῶν βᾰρῠτήτων tôn bărŭtḗtōn
Dative	τῇ βᾰρῠ́τητῐ têi bărŭ́tētĭ	τοῖν βᾰρῠτήτοιν toîn bărŭtḗtoin	ταῖς βᾰρῠ́τησῐ / βᾰρῠ́τησῐν taîs bărŭ́tēsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν βᾰρῠ́τητᾰ tḕn bărŭ́tētă	τὼ βᾰρῠ́τητε tṑ bărŭ́tēte	τᾱ̀ς βᾰρῠ́τητᾰς tā̀s bărŭ́tētăs
Vocative	βᾰρῠ́της bărŭ́tēs	βᾰρῠ́τητε bărŭ́tēte	βᾰρῠ́τητες bărŭ́tētes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “depth, low pitch”): ὀξῠ́της (oxŭ́tēs)
• (antonym(s) of “the grave accent”): ὀξῠ́της (oxŭ́tēs)

Descendants

• Greek: βαρύτητα (varýtita)
• English: baryta
  • English: barium

References

• “βαρύτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βαρύτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• βαρύτης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• βαρύτης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • aggravation idem, page 18.
  • deepness idem, page 203.
  • dinginess idem, page 225.
  • disagreeableness idem, page 227.
  • heaviness idem, page 393.
  • irksomeness idem, page 459.
  • laboriousness idem, page 472.
  • massiveness idem, page 516.
  • objectionableness idem, page 565.
  • obnoxiousness idem, page 566.
  • odiousness idem, page 569.
  • offensiveness idem, page 571.
  • onerousness idem, page 574.
  • oppressiveness idem, page 577.
  • ponderosity idem, page 626.
  • rankness idem, page 671.
  • tediousness idem, page 859.
  • tiresomeness idem, page 878.
  • toilsomeness idem, page 880.
  • troublesomeness idem, page 897.
  • uncomfortableness idem, page 910.
  • unpleasantness idem, page 927.
  • unsatisfactoriness idem, page 931.
  • vexatiousness idem, page 950.
  • wearisomeness idem, page 970.
  • weight idem, page 972.