βάθος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• βένθος (bénthos) — poetic

Etymology

From βαθύς (bathús, “deep”) +‎ -ος (-os), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂dʰ- (“to sink, submerge”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /bá.tʰos/ → /ˈβa.θos/ → /ˈva.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bá.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈba.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈβa.θos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈva.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈva.θos/

Noun

βᾰ́θος • (bắthos) n (genitive βᾰ́θους or βᾰ́θεος); third declension

1. extension in space: depth, height, breadth, fullness
2. profundity

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ βᾰ́θος; τοῦ βᾰ́θους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò bắthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει tṑ bắthei	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θη tằ bắthē
Genitive	τοῦ βᾰ́θους toû bắthous	τοῖν βᾰθοῖν toîn băthoîn	τῶν βᾰθῶν tôn băthôn
Dative	τῷ βᾰ́θει tôi bắthei	τοῖν βᾰθοῖν toîn băthoîn	τοῖς βᾰ́θεσῐ / βᾰ́θεσῐν toîs bắthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò bắthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει tṑ bắthei	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θη tằ bắthē
Vocative	βᾰ́θος bắthos	βᾰ́θει bắthei	βᾰ́θη bắthē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ βᾰ́θος; τοῦ βᾰ́θεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò bắthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεε tṑ bắthei / bắthee	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θεᾰ tằ bắtheă
Genitive	τοῦ βᾰ́θεος / βᾰ́θευς toû bắtheos / bắtheus	τοῖν βᾰθέοιν toîn băthéoin	τῶν βᾰθέων tôn băthéōn
Dative	τῷ βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεῐ̈ tôi bắthei / bắtheĭ̈	τοῖν βᾰθέοιν toîn băthéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν βᾰ́θεσῐ / βᾰ́θεσῐν toîsĭ(n) bắthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ βᾰ́θος tò bắthos	τὼ βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεε tṑ bắthei / bắthee	τᾰ̀ βᾰ́θεᾰ tằ bắtheă
Vocative	βᾰ́θος bắthos	βᾰ́θει / βᾰ́θεε bắthei / bắthee	βᾰ́θεᾰ bắtheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: βάθος n (váthos, “rank, grade”)

Further reading

• “βάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• βάθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• βάθος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• G899 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abyss idem, page 5.
  • depth idem, page 213.
  • gulf idem, page 379.
  • profundity idem, page 653.
  • yawning idem, page 995.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάθος (báthos).

Noun

βάθος • (váthos) n (plural βάθη)

1. (dimension) bottom, depth (of sea, etc)

   Η λίμνη έχει μεγάλο βάθος. ― I límni échei megálo váthos. ― The lake is very deep.

2. (dimension) depth (of a cave, well, etc)

   Το σπήλαιο έχει ανυπολόγιστο βάθος. ― To spílaio échei anypológisto váthos. ― The cave has an unknown depth.

3. (figuratively) profundity, background (of character)

Declension

Declension of βάθος

	singular	plural
nominative	βάθος (váthos)	βάθη (váthi)
genitive	βάθους (váthous)	βαθών (vathón)
accusative	βάθος (váthos)	βάθη (váthi)
vocative	βάθος (váthos)	βάθη (váthi)

Derived terms

• κατά βάθος (katá váthos)

Related terms

• compare with: βαθύς (vathýs, “deep”, adjective)