żaden
Appearance
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish żadny, which see for more. Cognate with Czech žádný.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]żaden
- no, none (not any of a given number or group)
- Synonym: wszelki
- Coordinate terms: co do jednego, każdy, wszelaki, wszystek
- no one, nobody
- Synonym: nikt
Adjective
[edit]żaden (not comparable, no derived adverb)
- (sometimes colloquial) no (not possessing any of the given characteristics)
- Synonym: nijaki
Particle
[edit]żaden
- (colloquial) indicates that the following item has none of the characteristics it should; no
- (colloquial) indicates that the realness of something isn't; no, no such
Declension
[edit]Declension of żaden (hard)
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | żaden | żadna | żadne | żadni | żadne | |
genitive | żadnego | żadnej | żadnego | żadnych | ||
dative | żadnemu | żadnej | żadnemu | żadnym | ||
accusative | żadnego | żaden | żadną | żadne | żadnych | żadne |
instrumental | żadnym | żadną | żadnym | żadnymi | ||
locative | żadnym | żadnej | żadnym | żadnych |
Derived terms
[edit]adverbs
noun
particles
proverb
Descendants
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), żaden is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 52 times in scientific texts, 33 times in news, 37 times in essays, 71 times in fiction, and 86 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 279 times, making it the 183rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- żaden in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- żaden in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “żaden”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ŻADEN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.11.2019
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “żaden”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “żaden”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “żaden”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 684
Categories:
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/adɛn
- Rhymes:Polish/adɛn/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish pronouns
- Polish adjectives
- Polish uncomparable adjectives
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish particles
- Polish hard adjectives
- Polish adjectives with irregular stem
- Polish short adjective forms