šķērss
Appearance
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an earlier *skerss, via palatalization (sk > šķ) and lengthening of a falling tone vowel followed by r (èr > ēr), from Proto-Baltic *skersas, from Proto-Indo-European *skersos < *skert-so-s, from a stem *ker-, *sker- (“to cut”) with an added t (whence also the verb šķērt, q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian sker̃sas (“transverse, crooked”), Old Prussian kerscha, kērschan, kirsa, kirscha, kirschan (“over”), Proto-Slavic *čerzъ < *čersъ (Russian че́рез (čérez, “over, through; transverse, across, crosswise”), Bulgarian чрез (črez)), Ancient Greek ἐπικάρσιος (epikársios, “transverse, crosswise; lateral”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]šķērss (definite šķērsais, comparative šķērsāks, superlative visšķērsākais, adverb šķērsi, šķērsu, šķērsām)
- transverse, transversal, crosswise (placed in such a way that it crosses something)
- šķērss plīsums ― transverse, crosswise crack, rupture
- šķērsas taisnes ― transverse straight lines (not situated on the same plane)
- ja viena no divām taisnēm atrodas plaknē, bet otra taisne krusto šo plakni punktā, kas nepieder pie pirmās taisnes, tad dotās tasines ir šķērsas... caur šķērsām taisnēm nevar novilkt plakni ― if one of two straight lines is on a plane and the other crosses this plane at one point that does not belong to the first straight line, then the given straight lines are transverse... through transverse lines one cannot draw a plan
- (figuratively) wrong, incorrect
- nu mūsu lieta ir pavisam šķērsa ― our case is completely wrong
- atmiņās ir kāds solis, kuru tu spēris, nedomādams par sekām, un šis pirmais solis pratis iegriezt visu gaitu pavisam šķērsās sliedēs ― in memory there is a certain step which you took, not thinking about consequences, and this first step managed to turn the whole walk into completely wrong rails (= into the wrong direction)
Declension
[edit]indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of šķērss
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | šķērss | šķērsi | šķērsa | šķērsas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | šķērsu | šķērsus | šķērsu | šķērsas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | šķērsa | šķērsu | šķērsas | šķērsu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | šķērsam | šķērsiem | šķērsai | šķērsām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | šķērsu | šķērsiem | šķērsu | šķērsām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | šķērsā | šķērsos | šķērsā | šķērsās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
[edit]- (of "transverse"): šķērsenisks
- (of "incorrect"): aplams, nepareizs
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “šķērss”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with falling intonation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian adjectives
- Latvian adjectives with irregular adverbial forms
- Latvian terms with usage examples