īgt

See also: IGT

Latvian

There are diverging opinions on the origin of this word. Some claim that it is derived from Proto-Baltic *ing-, from the zero grade form *h₂n̥gʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *h₂engʰ- (“narrow, narrowed, tied”) (whence German eng (“narrow”)). The semantic evolution would be: “narrow, tight (adj.)” > “to feel tight, constrained” > “to be dissatisfied, sullen, angry” (cf. the evolution implicit in Old High German angi (“narrow”), Old Norse angr (“tedium, depression”), English anger). Cognates would include Lithuanian ìngas (“lazy, idle”), iñgsti, iñgzti (“to whimper, to whine; to moo, to squeal”), éngti (“to strangle, to scratch, to skin, to oppress”), Proto-Slavic *ęga (Russian яга́ (jagá, “witch, evil spirit”), Old Church Slavonic ѩѕа (jędza, “illness, weakness”), Bulgarian енза (enza, “wound, sore; (dial.) disease”)), Old English inca (“illness”), Old Norse ekki (“sorrow; doubt”). Other researchers think that īgt is derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyg- (“sulky, sullen; sick”), in which case it is not cognate with Lithuanian iñgsti, éngti.^[1]

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īgt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present īgstu, īgsti, īgst, past īgu)

to be surly, sullen, angry
viņš īga, dziļi, sāpīgi īga; visa pasaule tam aizdeva dusmas ― he was sullen, deeply, painfully sullen; the whole world gave him anger

“kāpēc es te nācu, ko es gaidīju no tāda vakara?” Agnese jautāja sev un īga par sevi, ka bijusi tik pieļāvīga ― “why did I come here, what was I expecting from such a night?” Agnese asked herself and felt angry at herself for having been so yielding, so pliable

conjugation of īgt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)	IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
1st pers. sg.	es	īgstu	īgu	īgšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	īgsti	īgi	īgsi	īgsti
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	īgst	īga	īgs	lai īgst
1st pers. pl.	mēs	īgstam	īgām	īgsim	īgsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	īgstat	īgāt	īgsiet, īgsit	īgstiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	īgst	īga	īgs	lai īgst

RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	īgstot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		īgstošs
Past	esot īdzis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		īgdams
Future	īgšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		īgstot
Imperative	lai īgstot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		īgstam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		īdzis
Present	īgtu		Present Passive		—
Past	būtu īdzis		Past Passive		—
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāīgst		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		īgt
Conjunctive 1	esot jāīgst		Negative Infinitive		neīgt
Conjunctive 2	jāīgstot		Verbal noun		īgšana

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “īgt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN