árva
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finno-Ugric *orpa (“orphan”).[1] Cognates include Finnish orpo, Estonian orb and Erzya уроз (uroz), originally from an Indo-European language (Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos). Compare Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha), Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), Armenian որբ (orb).[2]
PIE word |
---|
*h₃órbʰos |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]árva (comparative árvább, superlative legárvább)
- orphan (deprived of parents)
- Örökbe fogadtak egy árva gyereket. ― They have adopted an orphan child.
- single, sole (one in number, typically in negative sentences)
- Egy árva szót nem szóltam. ― I never said a single word.
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | árva | árvák |
accusative | árvát | árvákat |
dative | árvának | árváknak |
instrumental | árvával | árvákkal |
causal-final | árváért | árvákért |
translative | árvává | árvákká |
terminative | árváig | árvákig |
essive-formal | árvaként | árvákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | árvában | árvákban |
superessive | árván | árvákon |
adessive | árvánál | árváknál |
illative | árvába | árvákba |
sublative | árvára | árvákra |
allative | árvához | árvákhoz |
elative | árvából | árvákból |
delative | árváról | árvákról |
ablative | árvától | árváktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
árváé | árváké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
árváéi | árvákéi |
Noun
[edit]árva (plural árvák)
- orphan (a minor whose parents have died or permanently abandoned them)
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | árva | árvák |
accusative | árvát | árvákat |
dative | árvának | árváknak |
instrumental | árvával | árvákkal |
causal-final | árváért | árvákért |
translative | árvává | árvákká |
terminative | árváig | árvákig |
essive-formal | árvaként | árvákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | árvában | árvákban |
superessive | árván | árvákon |
adessive | árvánál | árváknál |
illative | árvába | árvákba |
sublative | árvára | árvákra |
allative | árvához | árvákhoz |
elative | árvából | árvákból |
delative | árváról | árvákról |
ablative | árvától | árváktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
árváé | árváké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
árváéi | árvákéi |
Possessive forms of árva | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | árvám | árváim |
2nd person sing. | árvád | árváid |
3rd person sing. | árvája | árvái |
1st person plural | árvánk | árváink |
2nd person plural | árvátok | árváitok |
3rd person plural | árvájuk | árváik |
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
References
[edit]- ^ Entry #678 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ árva in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
[edit]- árva in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- árva in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Categories:
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Indo-European languages
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hungarian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₃órbʰos
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/vɒ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/vɒ/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian adjectives
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:People