zviždati

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gvizdati. First attested in the 15th century.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zʋǐʒdati/
Hyphenation: zvi‧žda‧ti

Verb

zvìždati impf (Cyrillic spelling звѝждати)

(transitive, intransitive) to whistle

Conjugation

Conjugation of zviždati

Infinitive: zviždati		Present verbal adverb: zvìždēći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: zvìždānje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		zviždim	zviždiš	zviždi	zviždimo	zviždite	zvižde
Future	Future I	zviždat ću¹ zviždaću	zviždat ćeš¹ zviždaćeš	zviždat će¹ zviždaće	zviždat ćemo¹ zviždaćemo	zviždat ćete¹ zviždaćete	zviždat će¹ zviždaće
Future	Future II	bȕdēm zviždao²	bȕdēš zviždao²	bȕdē zviždao²	bȕdēmo zviždali²	bȕdēte zviždali²	bȕdū zviždali²
Past	Perfect	zviždao sam²	zviždao si²	zviždao je²	zviždali smo²	zviždali ste²	zviždali su²
	Pluperfect³	bȉo sam zviždao²	bȉo si zviždao²	bȉo je zviždao²	bíli smo zviždali²	bíli ste zviždali²	bíli su zviždali²
	Imperfect	zviždah	zviždaše	zviždaše	zviždasmo	zviždaste	zviždahu
Conditional I		zviždao bih²	zviždao bi²	zviždao bi²	zviždali bismo²	zviždali biste²	zviždali bi²
Conditional II⁴		bȉo bih zviždao²	bȉo bi zviždao²	bȉo bi zviždao²	bíli bismo zviždali²	bíli biste zviždali²	bíli bi zviždali²
Imperative		—	zviždi	—	zviždimo	zviždite	—
Active past participle		zviždao m / zviždala f / zviždalo n			zviždali m / zviždale f / zviždala n
¹ Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. ² For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. ³ Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. ⁴ Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2021) “zvìždati”, in Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes II: O—Ž, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 611

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

Further reading