vitriol

See also: Vitriol

English

Etymology

From Middle English vitriol, from Old French vitriol, from Medieval Latin vitriolum (“sulfuric acid”), from vitrum (“glass”).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈvɪtɹiəl/, /ˈvɪtɹiɑl/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈvɪtɹiɒl/, /ˈvɪtɹiəl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

vitriol (countable and uncountable, plural vitriols)

1. (dated) Any of various metal sulphates.
2. (dated) oil of vitriol (sulfuric acid).
4. (by extension) Bitterly abusive language.
   • 2012 November 2, Ken Belson, New York Times, retrieved 2 November 2012:

     For days, online forums sparked with outrage against politicians and race organizers, a tone that turned to vitriol against runners, even from some shaming other runners for being selfish.

Derived terms

• blue vitriol
• copper vitriol
• elixir of vitriol
• green vitriol
• hurl vitriol
• iron vitriol
• oil of vitriol
• red vitriol
• Roman vitriol
• salt of vitriol
• spirit of vitriol
• vitriolage
• vitriolate
• vitriol attack
• vitriolic
• vitriolize
• vitriol of Mars
• white vitriol

 

Descendants

• → Irish: vitrial

Translations

sulfuric acid — see sulfuric acid

various metal sulphates

• Arabic: زَاج m (zāj)
• Azerbaijani: zağ (az)
• Bulgarian: метален сулфат (metalen sulfat)
• Dutch: vitriool (nl) n
• Esperanto: vitriolo
• Finnish: vihtrilli (fi)
• French: vitriol (fr) m
• Georgian: აჯასპი (aǯasṗi)
• German: Vitriol (de) n
• Greek: βιτριόλι (el) n (vitrióli)
• Irish: vitrial m
• Italian: vetriolo (it)
• Kazakh: тотияйын (totiäiyn)
• Persian: زاج (fa) (zâj)
• Portuguese: vitríolo m
• Russian: купоро́с (ru) m (kuporós)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: га̏лица f

  Roman: gȁlica (sh) f

• Spanish: vitriolo (es) m

  Old Spanish: azech m

• Swedish: vitriol (sv)
• Tajik: зок (zok)
• Turkish:

  Modern Turkish: zaç (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: زاج (zaç)

• Ukrainian: купорос m (kuporos)

Verb

vitriol (third-person singular simple present vitriols, present participle vitrioling or vitriolling, simple past and past participle vitrioled or vitriolled)

1. (transitive) To subject to bitter verbal abuse.
2. (transitive, metallurgy) To dip in dilute sulfuric acid; to pickle.
3. (transitive, colloquial) To vitriolize.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin vitriolum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.tʁi.jɔl/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

Noun

vitriol m (plural vitriols)

1. vitriol (all senses)

Further reading

• “vitriol”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French vitriol.

Noun

vitriol n (plural vitrioluri)

1. vitriol

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	vitriol	vitriolul		vitrioluri	vitriolurile
genitive-dative	vitriol	vitriolului		vitrioluri	vitriolurilor
vocative	vitriolule			vitriolurilor