uttamapurisa
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Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
- 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- उत्तमपुरिस (Devanagari script)
- উত্তমপুরিস (Bengali script)
- උත්තමපුරිස (Sinhalese script)
- ဥတ္တမပုရိသ or ဢုတ္တမပုရိသ or ဢုတ်တမပုရိသ (Burmese script)
- อุตฺตมปุริส or อุตตะมะปุริสะ (Thai script)
- ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᨾᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ອຸຕ຺ຕມປຸຣິສ or ອຸຕຕະມະປຸຣິສະ (Lao script)
- ឧត្តមបុរិស (Khmer script)
- 𑄃𑄪𑄖𑄴𑄖𑄟𑄛𑄪𑄢𑄨𑄥 (Chakma script)
Alternative scripts
- 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- उत्तमपुरिस (Devanagari script)
- উত্তমপুরিস (Bengali script)
- උත්තමපුරිස (Sinhalese script)
- ဥတ္တမပုရိသ or ဢုတ္တမပုရိသ or ဢုတ်တမပုရိသ (Burmese script)
- อุตฺตมปุริส or อุตตะมะปุริสะ (Thai script)
- ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᨾᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ອຸຕ຺ຕມປຸຣິສ or ອຸຕຕະມະປຸຣິສະ (Lao script)
- ឧត្តមបុរិស (Khmer script)
- 𑄃𑄪𑄖𑄴𑄖𑄟𑄛𑄪𑄢𑄨𑄥 (Chakma script)
Etymology
[edit]Calque of Sanskrit उत्तमपुरुष (uttamapuruṣa), composed as uttama (“utmost”) + purisa (“person”)
Noun
[edit]uttamapurisa m
- (grammar) first person
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][1], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][2], page 253; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- अम्हे पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्जमानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे उत्तमो पुरिसो होति।
- Amhe payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe uttamo puriso hoti.
- The first person is used when there is agreement with 'I' or 'we', be it expressed or unexpressed.
Usage notes
[edit]This karmadharaya may be freely decomposed and recomposed.
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "uttamapurisa" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | uttamapuriso | uttamapurisā |
| Accusative (second) | uttamapurisaṃ | uttamapurise |
| Instrumental (third) | uttamapurisena | uttamapurisehi or uttamapurisebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | uttamapurisassa or uttamapurisāya or uttamapurisatthaṃ | uttamapurisānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | uttamapurisasmā or uttamapurisamhā or uttamapurisā | uttamapurisehi or uttamapurisebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | uttamapurisassa | uttamapurisānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | uttamapurisasmiṃ or uttamapurisamhi or uttamapurise | uttamapurisesu |
| Vocative (calling) | uttamapurisa | uttamapurisā |