tym
Albanian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Disputed.
- From Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós,[1][2] whence also Latin fūmus (“smoke”), Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós, “breath, spirit”), though the voiceless /t/ is unexpected. It may have been influenced by the Greek descendant.
- From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō (“breath, soul”),[3] whence also Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán), Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz, though the vowels are unexpected.
- Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós).[4] This has been challenged on semantic grounds.[3]
Noun
[edit]tym m (plural tymra, definite tymi)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume VII, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 217, 254
- ^ The template Template:R:sq:Camarda:1864 does not use the parameter(s):
volume=I
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 53 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tym”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
- ^ De Vaan
Further reading
[edit]- Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 28: “fumus — tim”
- Jungg, G. (1895) “tȣm”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 163
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]tym m (plural tymra, definite tymi)
Atong (India)
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Classifier
[edit]tym
- classifier for fields
References
[edit]- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]tym
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]tym
- Alternative form of tyme (“time”)
Old Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Insrumental singular of ten / to. First attested in 1425.
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]tym
- (attested in Lesser Poland) used in parallel, conditional or comparative statements; the
- 1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I[1], Lesser Poland, page 37:
- Przeto aby naszy poddany czczą tym szyrzey slynaly, vstawyamy
- [Przeto aby naszy poddani czcią tym szyrzej słynęli, ustawiamy]
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie[2], Krakow, page gl. 70b:
- Yscy velkocrocz sø to przygadza, gymcy clouek gest pøknegsy, timcy gest f serczu gorsy, a presto gdiscy mili Ihu Xc cloueka czudne stvorzy, tymcy sø richle grechu dopuscy
- [Iż ci wielkokroć się to przygadza, jimci człowiek jest piękniejszy, tymci jest w siercu gorszy, a przezto gdyż ci miły Jezu Kryst człowieka cudnie stworzy, tymci się rychle grzechu dopuści]
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[3], 25, 16:
- Czim wyøczey lyat ostalobi po milosciwem lyatv, tim wyøczey roscz bødze y *naem (quanto plures anni remanserint..., tanto crescet et pretium)
- [Czym więcej lat ostałoby po miłościwem latu, tym więcej rość będzie i na[j]em(quanto plures anni remanserint..., tanto crescet et pretium)]
- 1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[4], [5], [6], volume XXIV, page 74:
- Quanto, ale y[m] wące, autem eis precipiebat, ut tacerent, tanto magis, tym vącze, plus predicabant (Marc 7, 36)
- [Quanto, ale i[m] więce, autem eis precipiebat, ut tacerent, tanto magis, tym więce, plus predicabant (Marc 7, 36)]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- then (at that time)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[7], page 106:
- Aoyad (pro doyad) Antypater v Rzymye byl, tym vmarl Feroras (cum... Antipater Romae esset, mortuus est Pheroras)
- [Dojąd Antypater w Rzymie był, tym umarł Feroras (cum... Antipater Romae esset, mortuus est Pheroras)]
- then (at that time)
Descendants
[edit]- Polish: tym
References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “tym, tem”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Tupi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm (“to plant”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tỹ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tym (first-person singular active indicative aîotym, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîotymi, noun tyma) (transitive)
- to plant (to place a plant or seed in soil)
- c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 166; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:
- Sepya'pe, ereîakasó, missa rendupabe'yma. Ere'u memẽ so'o 'aretéreme; ereîkó kopira resé, kó tyma.
- Out of revenge, you moved out, the reason for which you don't attend Mass. You always ate meat on the days of obligation; you were at the tillage, planting the field.
- to burry (to place in the ground)
- Synonym: atyb
- 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 64v:
- M. Marampe cerecou itîmi yanondê?
D. Aotinga pupê ynhubàni, itá caràmemoã abá timagoereima pupè ymondèpa.- [M. Marãpe serekóû i tymy îanondé?
D. Aotinga pupé i nhubani, itá karamemûã abá tymagûere'yma pupé i mondepa.] - What did they do before burying him? / In white clothes they wrapped him and placed him inside a stone tomb where no one was burried.
- [M. Marãpe serekóû i tymy îanondé?
Conjugation
[edit]Causative | tymukar | |||||
Causative-comitative | erotym | |||||
Reflexive | îetym | |||||
Deverbals | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-ba'e | oîotymyba'e | |||||
emi- | emityma / mityma | |||||
-pyr(a) | i tymbyra / i tymymbyra | |||||
-sab(a) | tymbaba | |||||
-sar(a) | tymbara | |||||
Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
Verbal forms | ||||||
Active | ||||||
Indicative | aîotym | ereîotym | oîotym | oroîotym | îaîotym | peîotym |
Permissive | t'aîotym | t'ereîotym | t'oîotym | t'oroîotym | t'îaîotym | ta peîotym |
Imperative | eîotym | peîotym | ||||
Negative indicative | n'aîotymi | n'ereîotymi | n'oîotymi | n'oroîotymi | n'îaîotymi | na peîotymi |
Negative permissive | t'aîotym umẽ | t'ereîotym umẽ | t'oîotym umẽ | t'oroîotym umẽ | t'îaîotym umẽ | ta peîotym umẽ |
Negative imperative | eîotym umẽ | peîotym umẽ | ||||
Nominal forms | ||||||
Infinitive | ||||||
Affirmative | tyma | |||||
Negative | tyme'yma | |||||
Gerund | ||||||
Affirmative | xe tyma | nde tyma | i tyma | oré tyma | îandé tyma | pe tyma |
Negative | xe tyme'yma | nde tyme'yma | i tyme'yma | oré tyme'yma | îandé tyme'yma | pe tyme'yma |
Circumstantial | ||||||
Affirmative | xe tymi | i tymi | oré tymi | îandé tymi | ||
Negative | xe tyme'ymi | i tyme'ymi | oré tyme'ymi | îandé tyme'ymi |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Nheengatu: yutima
References
[edit]- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tym”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 486–487
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish tym. By surface analysis, the instrumental singular of ten / to.
Particle
[edit]tym
- used in parallel, conditional, or comparative statements; the
- im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more..., the less...
- No to tym lepiej! ― Well, then all the better!
- Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.
Alternative forms
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tym (conjunction) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 30 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 29 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 24 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 103 times, making it the 612th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Pronoun
[edit]tym m pers
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
[edit]tym n
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
[edit]tym f
References
[edit]- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tym (conjunction)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 617
Further reading
[edit]- tym in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tym in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “tym”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “TYM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.05.2010
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 188
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian terms with unknown etymologies
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Albanian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- Albanian terms with archaic senses
- Atong (India) lemmas
- Atong (India) classifiers
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms
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- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
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- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Old Tupi terms inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani
- Old Tupi terms derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani
- Old Tupi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/ɨ̃m
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/ɨ̃m/1 syllable
- Old Tupi lemmas
- Old Tupi verbs
- Old Tupi transitive verbs
- Old Tupi terms with quotations
- Old Tupi terms with quotations from In the Village of Guaraparim
- Old Tupi terms with quotations from the Catechism in the Brasílica Language
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘm
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘm/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish lemmas
- Polish particles
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish pronoun forms