Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēþmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁tmén (“breath”). Compare Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, self, breath”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛːθ.mɑz/

Noun

*ēþmaz m

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *ēþmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*ēþmaz	ēþmōz, ēþmōs
vocative	*ēþm	ēþmōz, ēþmōs
accusative	*ēþmą	*ēþmanz
genitive	ēþmas, ēþmis	*ēþmǫ̂
dative	*ēþmai	*ēþmamaz
instrumental	*ēþmō	*ēþmamiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *āþm
- Old English: ǣþm, ǣðm, ēþm, ēðm
  - Middle English: ethem
- Old Saxon: āthom, āthum
  - Middle Low German: âdem, âtem, âtmen, âdam
    - German Low German: Aam
- Old Dutch: *āthom; *āththem
  - Middle Dutch: âdem; âessem, âsem
    - Dutch: adem; asem
      - Afrikaans: asem
    - Limburgish: aom, aosem
- Old High German: ātum, ātam, ātem, ātim, ādum, ādom, ādem, hātam
  - Middle High German: ātem, ādem, āten
    - Bavarian: Åtem
    - Cimbrian: aatom
    - German: Atem, Odem (influenced by Low German)
    - Hunsrik: Ochtem
    - Yiddish: אָטעם (otem)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ēþman- ~ *ēdman-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 119-20

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ēþman- ~ *ēdman-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 119-20

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