thurvan

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.

Verb

thurvan

1. to need
2. to be required
3. may, to be allowed to

Inflection

Conjugation of thurvan (preterite-present)

infinitive	thurvan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	tharf	thorfta
2nd person singular	tharft	thorftos
3rd person singular	tharf	thorfta
1st person plural	thurvun	thorftun
2nd person plural	thurvut	thorftut
3rd person plural	thurvun	thorftun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	thurvi	thurfti
2nd person singular	thurvis, thurvist	thurftis
3rd person singular	thurvi	thurfti
1st person plural	thurvin	thurftin
2nd person plural	thurvit	thurftit
3rd person plural	thurvin	thurftin
imperative	present
singular	-
plural	-
participle	present	past
	thurvandi	githorft

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: dorven
  • Dutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)
    • Afrikaans: durf
    • Javindo: durref
    • Negerhollands: derv, dėfo
    • → Papiamentu: dùrf
  • Limburgish: dörve

Further reading

• “thurvan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• thurƀan

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *terp-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθurfɑn/, [ˈθurβɑn]

Verb

thurvan

1. to need
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:

     uundrodun alla bihuuî he thar sô lango frâon sînun thionon thorfti

     they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lord

   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 1923-1924

     thea ni thurƀun mid wordun sō filu hrōpan te helpu

     they do not need with so many words to call for help

Conjugation

Conjugation of thurvan (preterite-present)

infinitive	thurvan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	tharf	thorfta
2nd person singular	tharft	thorftes
3rd person singular	tharf	thorfta
plural	thurvun	thorftun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	thurvi	thorfti
2nd person singular	thurvis	thorftis
3rd person singular	thurvi	thorfti
plural	thurvin	thorftin
imperative	present
singular	—
plural	—
participle	present	past
	thurvandi	—

Derived terms

• bithurvan

Descendants

• Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven
  • Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven, dröffen