temporalis

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin temporālis (“of or belonging to the temples of the head”), ellipsis of mūsculus temporālis (“the temporal muscle”). Doublet of temporal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌtɛm.pəˈɹeɪ.lɪs/
• Rhymes: -eɪlɪs

Noun

temporalis (plural temporales)

1. (anatomy) A fan-shaped muscle which arises from the surface of the temporal fossa and converges to an aponeurosis which contracts into a thick flat tendon inserted into the coronoid process of the mandible; it serves to raise the lower jaw and is involved in closing the mouth and chewing.

   Synonym: temporal muscle

Translations

muscle

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 顳肌 / 颞肌 (zh) (nièjī)

• Finnish: ohimolihas (fi)
• Hungarian: halántékizom
• Japanese: 側頭筋 (そくとうきん, sukutōkin)
• ǃXóõ: ʘqʻûbe tshôe ǀē ʘàje

References

• “temporalis”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “temporalis”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

• lamproites, pemirolast, peristomal

Latin

Etymology

From tempus (“time; the temples of the head”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /tem.poˈraː.lis/, [t̪ɛmpɔˈräːlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /tem.poˈra.lis/, [t̪empoˈräːlis]

Adjective

temporālis (neuter temporāle); third-declension two-termination adjective (Late Latin)

1. (in general, chiefly post-Augustan) of or belonging to time, lasting but for a time, temporary, temporal

   ārae temporālēs ― altars [erected] for the occasion

   Antonym: perpetuus

   1. (in particular, grammar, relational) time

      verbum temporāle ― a word denoting time, i.e. a verb

      nōmina temporālia (v.g. annus, mēnsis) ― nouns of time (e.g. year, month)

      adverbia temporālia (v.g. prīdem, nunc, modo) ― adverbs of time (e.g. long ago, now, a little while ago)

2. (anatomy, relational) of or pertaining to the temples of the head

   vēnae temporālēs ― the temporal veins

Inflection

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	temporālis	temporāle		temporālēs	temporālia
genitive	temporālis			temporālium
dative	temporālī			temporālibus
accusative	temporālem	temporāle		temporālēs temporālīs	temporālia
ablative	temporālī			temporālibus
vocative	temporālis	temporāle		temporālēs	temporālia

Derived terms

• contemporālis
• extemporālis
• intemporālis
• temporālitās
• temporāliter

 

Descendants

temporālis

• → Catalan: temporal
• → English: temporalis
• → Friulian: temporâl
• → Galician: temporal
• → Italian: temporale
• Middle French: timporal, temporal
  • English: temporal (of the temples)
• → Old French: temporel
  • French: temporel
  • → Middle English: temporal, temporel
    • English: temporal (of time)
• → Portuguese: temporal
• → Romanian: temporal
• Sicilian: timpurali
• → Spanish: temporal

References

• “temporalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “temporalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• temporalis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• tempŏrālis¹⁺² in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,552/3.
• temporalis in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016