szablya
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to archaeological finds, the sabre was used by the conquering Magyars in the 9th century but the exact origin of the word is still debated by linguists. It is believed to be borrowed from a Turkic language, such as Kipchak or Kyrgyz [script needed] (selebe), with contamination from the Hungarian verb szab (“to cut”).[1] This Turkic source could ultimately be of Tungusic origin, from Manchu ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠮᡝ (seleme, “dagger”), from Proto-Tungusic *seleme (“iron”, adjective), derived from *sele (“iron”).[2] Compare Mongolian сэлэм (selem).
Compare German Säbel, Italian sciabola, Polish szabla. The Western European words were borrowed from Hungarian.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]szablya (plural szablyák)
- sabre/saber, cutlass (a smaller, light sword with a curved, single-edged blade)
- Coordinate term: kard
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | szablya | szablyák |
accusative | szablyát | szablyákat |
dative | szablyának | szablyáknak |
instrumental | szablyával | szablyákkal |
causal-final | szablyáért | szablyákért |
translative | szablyává | szablyákká |
terminative | szablyáig | szablyákig |
essive-formal | szablyaként | szablyákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | szablyában | szablyákban |
superessive | szablyán | szablyákon |
adessive | szablyánál | szablyáknál |
illative | szablyába | szablyákba |
sublative | szablyára | szablyákra |
allative | szablyához | szablyákhoz |
elative | szablyából | szablyákból |
delative | szablyáról | szablyákról |
ablative | szablyától | szablyáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
szablyáé | szablyáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
szablyáéi | szablyákéi |
Possessive forms of szablya | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | szablyám | szablyáim |
2nd person sing. | szablyád | szablyáid |
3rd person sing. | szablyája | szablyái |
1st person plural | szablyánk | szablyáink |
2nd person plural | szablyátok | szablyáitok |
3rd person plural | szablyájuk | szablyáik |
Descendants
[edit]- → Old Polish: szabla
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Marek Stachowski (2004), "The origin of the European word for sabre". Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia (Krakow) 9
- ^ “sabre”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- ^ szablya in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- szablya in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Categories:
- Hungarian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Hungarian terms derived from Kipchak languages
- Hungarian terms derived from Kyrgyz
- Hungarian terms derived from Tungusic languages
- Hungarian terms derived from Manchu
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Tungusic
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/jɒ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/jɒ/2 syllables
- Hungarian terms with homophones
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Weapons