swḏ

See also: swD

Egyptian

Etymology

From s- (causative prefix) +‎ wḏ (“to command”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛwɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sewedj

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to bequeath
   • c. 13th Dynasty, Naos of Hori, Kunsthistorisches Museum 186, Vienna:

     […] swḏ.ṯn jꜣwt.ṯn n ẖrdw.ṯn mj ḏd.ṯn […]

     [… as] you wish to bequeath your offices to your children, so you should say […]

Inflection

Conjugation of swḏ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: swḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural swḏt, swḏ swḏw, swḏ swḏt swḏ swḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 swḏ ḥr swḏ m swḏ r swḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect swḏ.n swḏw, swḏ consecutive swḏ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative swḏt perfective3 swḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 swḏ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective swḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 swḏw, swḏ, swḏy swḏw, swḏ, swḏy potentialis1 swḏ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive swḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect swḏ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective swḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 swḏ swḏ, swḏw5, swḏy5 imperfective swḏ, swḏy, swḏw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 swḏ, swḏj6, swḏy6 swḏ, swḏw5 prospective swḏ, swḏtj7 — swḏwtj1 4, swḏtj4, swḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swḏ  

swḏ	swḏ	swꜣḏ
		[New Kingdom]

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 250, 257.