wḏ

See also: wd, Wd, WD, and W.D.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: wedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to command
   • 6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 3–6:

     
     
     
     

     wḏ ḥm.f qrs.f rḏj n.f qrst m prwj-ḥḏ (j)dmj ꜥꜣ wrt [s]nṯr

     His Majesty commanded that he be buried, that he be given a burial from the two treasuries and very much fine linen and incense.

2. (transitive) to decree
3. (transitive) to give over, commend, entrust, or assign (someone or something) (+ n: to (some person or fate))

Inflection

Conjugation of wḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: wḏ, geminated stem: wḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural wḏ wḏw, wḏ wḏt wḏ, j.wḏ wḏ, j.wḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 wḏ ḥr wḏ m wḏ r wḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect wḏ.n wḏw, wḏ consecutive wḏ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative wḏt perfective3 wḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 wḏ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective wḏ, j.wḏ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 wḏ wḏḏ potentialis1 wḏ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive wḏ, j.wḏ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect wḏ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective wḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 wḏ wḏḏ, wḏḏj6, wḏ2, wḏw2 5, wḏy2 5 imperfective j.wḏ1, wḏ, wḏy, wḏw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 j.wḏ1, j.wḏw1 5, wḏ, wḏj6, wḏy6 wḏ, wḏw5 prospective wḏ, wḏtj7 — wḏtj4, wḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wḏ  

wḏ	wḏ

Derived terms

• wḏ-mdw
• wḏt
• swḏ

Noun

 m

1. command
2. decree

Inflection

Declension of wḏ (masculine)

singular	wḏ
dual	wḏwj
plural	wḏw

Synonyms

• wḏt

Noun

 m

1. stela

Inflection

Declension of wḏ (masculine)

singular	wḏ
dual	wḏwj
plural	wḏw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 394.10–395.22
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 171, 231, 299, 313.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 70