surkastua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]surkastua
- (intransitive) To atrophy.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of surkastua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surkastun | en surkastu | 1st sing. | olen surkastunut | en ole surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surkastut | et surkastu | 2nd sing. | olet surkastunut | et ole surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surkastuu | ei surkastu | 3rd sing. | on surkastunut | ei ole surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surkastumme | emme surkastu | 1st plur. | olemme surkastuneet | emme ole surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surkastutte | ette surkastu | 2nd plur. | olette surkastuneet | ette ole surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surkastuvat | eivät surkastu | 3rd plur. | ovat surkastuneet | eivät ole surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surkastutaan | ei surkastuta | passive | on surkastuttu | ei ole surkastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surkastuin | en surkastunut | 1st sing. | olin surkastunut | en ollut surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surkastuit | et surkastunut | 2nd sing. | olit surkastunut | et ollut surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surkastui | ei surkastunut | 3rd sing. | oli surkastunut | ei ollut surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surkastuimme | emme surkastuneet | 1st plur. | olimme surkastuneet | emme olleet surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surkastuitte | ette surkastuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte surkastuneet | ette olleet surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surkastuivat | eivät surkastuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat surkastuneet | eivät olleet surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surkastuttiin | ei surkastuttu | passive | oli surkastuttu | ei ollut surkastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surkastuisin | en surkastuisi | 1st sing. | olisin surkastunut | en olisi surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surkastuisit | et surkastuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit surkastunut | et olisi surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surkastuisi | ei surkastuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi surkastunut | ei olisi surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surkastuisimme | emme surkastuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme surkastuneet | emme olisi surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surkastuisitte | ette surkastuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte surkastuneet | ette olisi surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surkastuisivat | eivät surkastuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat surkastuneet | eivät olisi surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surkastuttaisiin | ei surkastuttaisi | passive | olisi surkastuttu | ei olisi surkastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surkastu | älä surkastu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surkastukoon | älköön surkastuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon surkastunut | älköön olko surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surkastukaamme | älkäämme surkastuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surkastukaa | älkää surkastuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surkastukoot | älkööt surkastuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot surkastuneet | älkööt olko surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surkastuttakoon | älköön surkastuttako | passive | olkoon surkastuttu | älköön olko surkastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surkastunen | en surkastune | 1st sing. | lienen surkastunut | en liene surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surkastunet | et surkastune | 2nd sing. | lienet surkastunut | et liene surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surkastunee | ei surkastune | 3rd sing. | lienee surkastunut | ei liene surkastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surkastunemme | emme surkastune | 1st plur. | lienemme surkastuneet | emme liene surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surkastunette | ette surkastune | 2nd plur. | lienette surkastuneet | ette liene surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surkastunevat | eivät surkastune | 3rd plur. | lienevät surkastuneet | eivät liene surkastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surkastuttaneen | ei surkastuttane | passive | lienee surkastuttu | ei liene surkastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | surkastua | present | surkastuva | surkastuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | surkastunut | surkastuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | surkastuessa | surkastuttaessa | agent4 | surkastuma | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | surkastumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | surkastuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | surkastumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | surkastumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | surkastumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | surkastumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | surkastumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | surkastuman | surkastuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | surkastuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “surkastua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03