subsum

English

Etymology

From sub- +‎ sum.

Noun

subsum (plural subsums)

1. (mathematics) The sum of a subset of values.

Latin

Etymology

From sub- +‎ sum.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsub.sum/, [ˈs̠ʊps̠ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsub.sum/, [ˈsubsum]

Verb

subsum (present infinitive subesse, perfect active subfuī, future participle subfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. (intransitive) to be under, among or behind
   • 1361 November 19, “Lübeck an Reval: theilt die Aug. 1 zu Greifswald von den Seestädten gefassten Beschlüsse mit”, in Hanserecesse, volumes I Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage von 1256–1430, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, published 1870, page 193:

     Petimus eciam non haberi pro ingrato, quod premissa non prius fecimus vobis intimari; causa suffuit, quod hujusmodi tribulacio mercatoribus evenit ita repentino, quod vestri presenciam ad hoc non poterant habere commodose.

     We pray also that it will not be deemed ungrateful that the aforesent matters have not been intimated by us before; the underlying cause was (lit. the cause underlay) that a trouble of this kind went out so sudden to the merchants that they could not have your presence without inconvenience.

2. (intransitive) to be at the bottom

   Synonym: cedo

3. (intransitive) to be nearby

   Synonyms: immineo, astō, contingo, stō, insto

Usage notes

• The perfect and future participle forms are non-Classical.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of subsum (highly irregular, suppletive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	subsum	subes	subest	subsumus	subestis	subsunt
	imperfect	suberam	suberās	suberat	suberāmus	suberātis	suberant
	future	suberō	suberis, subere	suberit	suberimus	suberitis	suberunt
	perfect	subfuī	subfuistī	subfuit	subfuimus	subfuistis	subfuērunt, subfuēre
	pluperfect	subfueram	subfuerās	subfuerat	subfuerāmus	subfuerātis	subfuerant
	future perfect	subfuerō	subfueris	subfuerit	subfuerimus	subfueritis	subfuerint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	subsim	subsīs	subsit	subsīmus	subsītis	subsint
imperfect	subessem, subforem	subessēs, subforēs	subesset, subforet	subessēmus, subforēmus	subessētis, subforētis	subessent, subforent
perfect	subfuerim	subfuerīs	subfuerit	subfuerīmus	subfuerītis	subfuerint
pluperfect	subfuissem	subfuissēs	subfuisset	subfuissēmus	subfuissētis	subfuissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	subes	—	—	subeste	—
	future	—	subestō	subestō	—	subestōte	subsuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		subesse	subfuisse	subfutūrum esse, subfore	—	—	—
participles		—	—	subfutūrus	—	—	—

References

• “subsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “subsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• subsum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • winter is at hand: hiems subest