snm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛnɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: senem

Etymology 1

From s- (causative prefix) +‎ wnm (“to eat”).

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to feed (someone or something), to provide with food
   1. (transitive) to feed (a person or animal) (+ m: with (a food)) [since the Old Kingdom]
   2. (transitive) to fatten, to force-feed (poultry) by gavage [Old Kingdom]
   3. (transitive) to ‘feed’ (gods or the dead) by providing offerings of food; to sacrifice food to [since the Old Kingdom]
   4. (transitive) to feed into (a brazier) (+ m: to supply a brazier with (frankincense)) [18th Dynasty]
2. (transitive) to feed (food), to provide (food)
   1. (transitive) to feed (a food) (+ n: to (someone)) [New Kingdom]
   2. (transitive) to offer (food) as a sacrifice (+ ḥr: upon (an altar)) [Middle Kingdom]
   3. (transitive) to supply (necessities) [18th Dynasty]
3. (transitive) to eat
   1. (transitive or intransitive) to eat, to feed on (food) (+ m: to eat of; + ḥr: to eat from (an altar)) [since Middle Kingdom literature]

      Synonym: wnm

      ― snm ḫt ― to feed on offerings of food

   2. (transitive, of fire, worms, etc.) to consume (corpses) [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of snm (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: snm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
snmt, snm	snmw, snm	snmt	snm	snm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
snm	ḥr snm	m snm	r snm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	snm.n	snmw, snm	consecutive	snm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	snmt
perfective3	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	snm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	snmw, snm, snmy	snmw, snm, snmy	potentialis1	snm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	snm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2	snm	snm, snmw5, snmy5
imperfective	snm, snmy, snmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	snm, snmj6, snmy6	snm, snmw5
prospective	snm, snmtj7	—	snmwtj1 4, snmtj4, snmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm  

snm	snm	snm	snm	snm
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm  

snm	snm	snm	snm	snm	snm	snm
[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm  

snm	snm	snm	snmm	snm
[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	in hieratic

Derived terms

• snmw

 

Etymology 2

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive, of people or the heart/mind) to be(come) sad, to mourn, to grieve [18th Dynasty literature and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of snm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: snm, geminated stem: snmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
snm	snmw, snm	snmt	snm	snm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
snm	ḥr snm	m snm	r snm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	snm.n	snmw, snm	consecutive	snm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	snmt
perfective3	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	snm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	snm	snmm	potentialis1	snm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	snm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	snm	active + .tj1, .tw2	snm	snm, snmw5, snmy5
imperfective	snm, snmy, snmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	snm, snmj6, snmy6	snm, snmw5
prospective	snm, snmtj7	—	snmtj4, snmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm  

snmm	snmm	snm	snm	snm	snm
[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Noun

 m

1. mourning, grief, sorrow [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of snm (masculine)

singular	snm
dual	snmwj
plural	snmw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

• mr-snm

 

Descendants

• Demotic: snm

References

• “snm (lemma ID 137400)”, “snm (lemma ID 137420)”, and “snm (lemma ID 500524)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 164.1–164.16, 165.4–165.9
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 232
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35.