wnm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnam/ → /ˈwaːnam/ → /ˈwaːnəm/ → /ˈwoːnəm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnam/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnam/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnəm/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwoːnəm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛnɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: wenem

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to eat (something as food)
2. (intransitive) to eat in general (+ m: to eat of, to feed on)
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.7–1.8:

     jr ḥms.k ḥnꜥ ꜣfꜥ wnm.k ꜣḫf.f swꜣ(.w)

     If you sit with a glutton, you should eat when his burning appetite has passed.

3. (intransitive) to take solid medicine
4. (intransitive) to have or consume usufruct of a property [since the Old Kingdom]
5. (transitive) to take in, to consume (something abstract: magic, power, hunger, etc.)
6. (intransitive with m or transitive, of fire) to consume (something), to burn (something) up
7. (intransitive, of sickness) to eat away at parts of the body

Inflection

Conjugation of wnm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wnm, geminated stem: wnmm

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural wnm wnmw, wnm wnmt wnm wnm ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 wnm ḥr wnm m wnm r wnm suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect wnm.n wnmw, wnm consecutive wnm.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative wnmt perfective3 wnm active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 wnm.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective wnm active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 wnm wnmm potentialis1 wnm.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive wnm active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect wnm.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective wnm active + .tj1, .tw2 wnm wnm, wnmw5, wnmy5 imperfective wnm, wnmy, wnmw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 wnm, wnmj6, wnmy6 wnm, wnmw5 prospective wnm, wnmtj7 — wnmtj4, wnmt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wnm  

wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnmw
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[18th Dynasty]	[19th and 20th Dynasty]
					rare	rare		in hieratic

Derived terms

• wnmw
• wnmt
• snm

Descendants

• Demotic: wnm
  • Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲙ (ouōm)

Noun

 m

1. eating, consumption of food
2. food
3. appetite
4. taking or ingestion of medicine

See also

• 𓀁

References

• “wnm (lemma ID 46710)” and “wnm (lemma ID 46720)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 320.1–321.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 62
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 175, 184.